基于GIS的大灾害漂浮医疗保障系统选址及周边医疗设施协同

H. Eto, Sena Shimomoto, S. Togawa, Morikazu Yamamoto, Shintaro Miyasawa, Junko Yamaguchi, T. Ikoma, Y. Aida, K. Masuda, Hiroki Udagawa
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引用次数: 0

摘要

2011年日本发生东日本大地震,日本东部沿海地区的无数建筑遭受了灾难性的破坏,沿海地区的医疗设施由于海啸造成的重大破坏而变得功能失调。陆路无法通行,但有记录表明,在这种灾害条件下,利用海洋和河流网络等水域的支持活动非常有效。因此,作为灾后灾区即时医疗保障的有效手段之一,提出了可从水域进入的大灾害浮动医疗保障系统(以下简称“Medi-float”)。在不久的将来,荒川河沿岸地区预计将受到东京市区正下方地震的严重破坏。因此,通过安装能够在不受地震破坏的情况下从水域到陆地开展医疗支助活动的medium -float,由于medium -float与陆地上的医疗设施合作开展医疗支助活动,可预防的死亡减少。在以往的研究中,提出了一种基于目标地区倒塌建筑物数量、地震受伤人员分布等GIS数据,实际估算medium -float设施规模和选址的方法。然而,即使在目标地区安装了medii -float,也不能否认缺少医疗设施。考虑到区域外运输的顺畅,以及与周边医疗机构的合作,希望能建立一个具体、现实的医疗保障体系。因此,在本研究中,为了掌握伤员被运送到医疗设施所需的时间和医疗设施的拥堵状况,将目标区域划分为250m网格,进行时间序列模拟。具体来说,灾害中受伤人员的分布是根据建筑物倒塌的数量和火灾的数量以网格为基础计算的。根据每个网格与医疗设施之间的距离计算伤员的运输时间,模拟考虑医疗设施拥堵状况的伤员的移动,阐明医疗设施与广域运输合作的必要性,并对活跃在灾区的medium -float的效果进行评价。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
On GIS Based Selection of Suitable Site Including Cooperation With Surrounding Medical Facilities by Mesh Analysis of Floating Medical Support System on Big Disaster
The Great East Japan Earthquake that occurred in Japan in 2011, an innumerable number of buildings in the coastal part of the east side of Japan suffered catastrophic damage, and medical facilities in coastal areas have become dysfunctional because of the significant damage incurred due to the tsunami. And land routes are not passable, but there are records of support activities utilizing water areas such as sea and river networks being extremely effective in such disaster conditions. Therefore, as one of the effective methods of medical support in the affected area immediately after the disaster, a Floating Medical Support System (hereafter Medi-float) on big disaster that can be accessed from the water area was proposed. In the near future, the area along the Arakawa River is expected to be seriously damaged by the earthquake directly under the Tokyo metropolitan area. Therefore, by installing a Medi-float that can perform medical support activities from the water area to the land without being damaged by an earthquake, since Medi-float performs medical support activities in cooperation with medical facilities on land area, preventable death is reduced. In previous studies, a procedure to estimate the facilities scale and select a suitable site for Medi-float practically based on GIS data such as the number of collapsed buildings in the target area, distribution of injured people due to the earthquake were presented. However, even if Medi-float is installed in the target area, it cannot be denied that there is a shortage of medical facilities. In consideration of smooth transportation outside the region and cooperation with surrounding medical facilities, it is hoped that a concrete and realistic medical support system by Medi-float will be established. Therefore, in this study, in order to grasp the time it takes for the injured to be transported to the medical facility and the congestion status of the medical facility, the target area was divided into 250m meshes and a time-series simulation was performed. Specifically, the distribution of injured people during a disaster was calculated on a mesh basis from the number of buildings collapsed and the number of fires. And the transport time of the injured people is calculated from the distance between each mesh and the medical facility, the movement of the injured people in consideration of the congestion status of the medical facility was simulated, necessity of cooperation between medical facilities and wide area transportation was clarified, the effect of Medi-float, which is active in the disaster area, was also evaluated.
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