生物液晶的结构和模式形成:来自自组装和自组织的理论和模拟的见解

Ziheng Wang, P. Servio, A. Rey
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摘要

本文综述了生物纤维材料、溶液和复合材料中存在弹性场、第二相夹杂物和传输现象(包括复杂的剪切-拉伸流动和传质)时液晶相排序的理论和模拟。通过相排序在弹性可变形膜上的液晶自组装首次被应用于描述控制植物细胞壁结构的机制,突出了疏曲率和亲曲率效应如何引入新的结构领域,而不是硬核排斥。然后在含有纤维状胶体包涵体(液晶纤维复合材料)的中间相中模拟了手性向列自组装,以演示包涵体位置顺序如何产生植物细胞壁所示的缺陷和斜向。耦合相排序调谐输运现象是如何以及为什么它导致自组织,如稀酸性胶原水溶液的病态状态。只有当定向脱水与手性形成同步时,组织良好的副骨胶原的进一步定向脱水才能导致无缺陷的胆固醇膜。此外,利用表面锚定捕获了胆甾类化合物普遍存在的表面纳米褶皱。在这四个具有代表性的体系中,确定了增强众所周知的排斥体相互作用的新机制,并用实验数据进行了量化和验证。通过利用材料结构、几何和输运现象之间的新耦合,确定了基于自组装和自组织原理创造新型先进多功能材料的未来方向。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Structure and Pattern Formation in Biological Liquid Crystals: Insights From Theory and Simulation of Self-Assembly and Self-Organization
This review presents theory and simulation of liquid crystal phase ordering in biological fibrous materials, solutions, and composites in the presence of elastic fields, second phase inclusions, and transport phenomena, including complex shear-extensional flow and mass transfer. Liquid crystal self-assembly through phase ordering on elastic deformable membranes is first applied to characterize the mechanisms that control the structures in plant cell walls, highlighting how curvophobic and curvophilic effects introduce new structuring fields beyond hard-core repulsion. Then chiral nematic self-assembly is simulated in a mesophase containing fibrillar colloidal inclusions (liquid crystal-fibre composites) to demonstrate how the inclusion positional order generates defects and disclinations as shown in the plant cell wall. Coupling phase ordering to tuned transport phenomena is shown how and why it leads to self-organization such as paranematic states of dilute acidic aqueous collagen solutions. Further directed dehydration of well-organized paranematic collagen leads to defect free cholesteric films only when directed dehydration is synchronized with chirality formation. In addition, the ubiquitous surface nanowrinkling of cholesterics is captured with surface anchoring. In these four representative systems, the new mechanisms that enhance the well-known exclude volume interactions are identified quantified and validated with experimental data. Future directions to create new advanced multifunctional materials based on principles of self-assembly and self-organization are identified by leveraging the new couplings between material structure, geometry, and transport phenomena.
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