Augmenting the Traditional Bus-Branch Model for Seismic Resilience Analysis

Today, the majority of power system software implement the well known Bus-Branch (BB) model where it is safe to assume a balanced three-phase network. Unfortunately, the traditional way of modeling power systems using a BB model abstracts the individual components that make up a highvoltage substation. These are critically important when assessing substation related faults which is a crucial step in attempting to make a more resilient grid. This paper presents a way of modeling typical substation protection schemes, using an augmented Bus-Branch (a-BB) representation, for contingency analysis applications. Further, the impacts and benefits of augmenting the IEEE Reliability Test System 1996 (RTS-96) system are described. The experiments in this paper show at least a 17% decrease in the number of non-converging power-flow solutions for all $N-2$ contingencies simulated on the augmented RTS-96 (a-RTS) system.