Explication of semantic development of linguistic units at the lexical and phraseological level

At present, modern linguistics shows interest in studying the lexical system and structure of lexical and phraseological meaning. The subject of research is a productive polysemantic verb that has not been a subject of special research before. Semantic structure of the Yakut polysemantic verb тарт is rich and diverse. It includes 25 interrelated lexicosemantic variants (LSV) united into a lexico-semantic unit forming a separate macrostructure of lexico-semantic paradigms (LSP). The analysis of the polysemantic verb тарт revealed 3 LSP: action and activity; being, state and quality; relation. The first LSP “Action and Activity” includes the following subfields: movement, movement of an object, physical effect on an object, creative activity, social activity, and physiological action. The second LSP “Being, State and Quality” demonstrated two groups: being and state of quality. The third LSP “Relation” includes only one subfield – interpersonal relations. Each lexico-semantic field has common characteristics forming their semantic basis. Within the LSP, corresponding subfields were determined that in turn fall into microfields. Special attention was given to the illustrative material taken primarily from Yakut literature. A rich semantic potential of the Yakut verb тарт shows considerable opportunity for semantic development of the plane of content in this linguistic unit. The verb тарт can be combined with actants in phrases and sentences, be a part of linguistic units of indirect nomination with global or partial reinterpretation of components and phraseological expressions with structure of a sentence. In contrast to the lexical level, the phraseological level involves more underlying semantic processes due to separate formation of PU. Words and PU of any language represent a universal basis for developing polysemy, with practically any linguistic units having enough potential to develop new meanings.Although the process of phraseologization is a universal linguistic phenomenon, it has explicative specific features in the Yakut language.The reason is that PU, being structurally separately formed and semantically reinterpreted formations, are units of secondary nomination in contrast to the linguistic units of direct nomination such as phoneme, morpheme, and word. All analyzed PU with the component тарт of the modern Yakut language have figurative meaning. Linguistic units of indirect nomination are formed as a result of semantic transformation of the original prototypic free word combination. All categories of stable word complexes according to structural-semantic classification are represented in PU with the component тарт of the modern Yakut language: PU, phraseological expressions, and phraseological combinations. PUare as a rule mono-semantic since they form based on reinterpretation of the original free word combination. However, formation of polysemantic PUmust not be ruled out. Semantic categories of PU with the component тарт include polysemy, with homonymy being not present. Variability of PU is represented by lexical substitution as a noun and verb component and interposition of an adverbial component. Studying figurative layer of the Yakut language may contribute to reconstruction of general and national specific characteristics, ethnogenetic conclusions and inference on features of mental worldview of man. Keywords–polysemy, concept, lexico-semantic field, micro-field, phraseological unit, figurativeness Man-Power-Law-Governance: Interdisciplinary Approaches Section: Cultural Sciences