内源性和外源性热负荷下人体体温调节系统的效率。

Acta physiologica Polonica Pub Date : 1990-01-01
R Grucza
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本研究的目的是估计出汗的动力学和效率(eta sw),以及体温调节指数(TI),该指数被定义为身体负荷的热量与排出到环境中的热量的比率。在这项工作的第一部分,22名男子以50%最大摄氧量的强度进行锻炼。在22摄氏度的环境中,16名男性在休息时暴露在40摄氏度的环境中,9名男性在50%最大摄氧量的水平下运动。在第二部分中,8名男性和8名女性在脱水前后(约为体重的1%)暴露于40摄氏度,8名男性在高水合前后(35 ml/kg体重)暴露于23摄氏度,22名男性在3个月耐力训练前后进行锻炼。测量所有受试者的身体热平衡、直肠(Tre)、鼓室(Tty)和平均皮肤(Tsk)温度。同时热负荷时TI(0.84)高于单独内热负荷(0.76,p < 0.01)或外源性热负荷(0.67,p < 0.001)。etasw分别为0.82;0.57 (p < 0.001)和0.78 (p < 0.001)。在男性和女性之间没有发现TI的差异。男性出汗的动力更大,但女性出汗的效率更高。热暴露前的脱水降低了出汗和TI的动态,但增加了男性的eta sw。因此,脱水男性(0.45摄氏度)的Tre高于正常补水男性(0.31摄氏度,p小于0.002)。脱水对女性的测量变量没有影响。运动过量的男性导致TI从0.72增加到0.82 (p < 0.05), eta sw从0.57增加到0.81 (p < 0.01)。在耐力训练后进行锻炼的男性中,出汗的开始时间从4.0分钟缩短到0.9分钟(p < 0.002)。TI从0.76增加到0.89 (p < 0.001), eta sw从0.57增加到0.74 (p < 0.02),而Tty降低(分别为1.10和0.58℃,p < 0.001)。结果表明,排汗的动力和效率以及体温调节指数取决于热负荷的类型。男人和女人对干热的耐受力是一样的。脱水会改变男性的体温调节功能,但对女性没有影响。运动前多喝水,尤其是耐力训练,会增加对内源性热的耐受性。(摘要删节为400字)
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Efficiency of thermoregulatory system in man under endogenous and exogenous heat loads.

The aim of the present work was to estimate the dynamics and efficiency (eta sw) of sweating, and thermoregulatory index (TI) defined as a ratio of heat loaded the body to the heat removed to the environment. In the first part of this work 22 men exercised with an intensity of 50% VO2 max. in 22 degrees C, 16 men were exposed to 40 degrees C at rest, and 9 men exercised at the level of 50% VO2 max. at 30 degrees C. In the second part, 8 men and 8 women were exposed to 40 degrees C before and after dehydration (1% of body mass, approximately), 8 men exercised at 23 degrees C before and after hyperhydration (35 ml/kg of body mass) and 22 men exercised before and after 3 months of endurance training. Body heat balance, rectal (Tre), tympanic (Tty) and mean skin (Tsk) temperatures were measured in all subjects. TI was greater during simultaneous (0.84) than during separate endo- (0.76, p less than 0.01) or exogenous (0.67, p less than 0.001) heat loads. The respective values of eta sw were 0.82; 0.57 (p less than 0.001) and 0.78 (p less than 0.001). No difference in TI was found between men and women. Dynamics of sweating was greater in men but efficiency of sweating was greater in women. Dehydration before heat exposure decreased both dynamics of sweating and TI but it increased eta sw in men. As a result Tre was greater in dehydrated (0.45 degrees C) than in normally hydrated men (0.31 degrees C, p less than 0.002). Dehydration did not affect the measured variables in women. Hyperhydration of exercising men caused an increase in TI from 0.72 to 0.82 (p less than 0.05) and in eta sw from 0.57 to 0.81 (p less than 0.01). In men exercising after endurance training the onset of sweating was shortened from 4.0 to 0.9 min (p less than 0.002). TI increased from 0.76 to 0.89 (p less than 0.001), eta sw increased from 0.57 to 0.74 (p less than 0.02) whereas Tty was lower (1.10 and 0.58 degrees C, p less than 0.001, respectively). It is concluded that dynamics and efficiency of sweating, as well as the thermoregulatory index depend on the type of heat load. Men and women tolerate dry heat equally well. Dehydration changes thermoregulatory function in men but not in women. Hyperhydration before exercise and particularly endurance training increase tolerance of endogenous heat.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

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