移民之间的收入分配是否与东道国相适应?

Asena Caner, Peder J. Pedersen
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摘要

我们调查了五个特殊群体的收入不平等趋势(来自土耳其的移民在丹麦和德国,本地人在这两个国家和土耳其)。具有相似特征和动机的人向结构差异较大的国家迁移,类似于自然实验。我们的问题是,移民的不平等是否会随着时间的推移而适应本地人之间的不平等。我们发现,首先,移民集中在整体收入分配的较低的十分之一。其次,分别考虑本地居民和移民的分布,在每一个十分位数中,本地居民的平均收入明显高于普通移民。第三,不平等的分解表明,在大衰退期间,丹麦移民之间的不平等比本地人之间的不平等增长得更快。在德国,本地人的不平等程度有所上升,而移民的不平等程度保持不变。因此,我们没有观察到不等式的收敛。在这两个国家,2007-2013年,当地人之间的不平等加剧是整体不平等加剧背后的最重要因素。从20世纪80年代到2013年的较长时期内,我们发现不平等没有趋同。最后,与土耳其国内的土耳其人相比,两国移民的收入更高,分配也更加平等。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Does income distribution among immigrants adapt to host country?
We investigate trends in income inequality for five special groups (immigrants from Turkey in Denmark and Germany, natives in the two countries and in Turkey). The migration of people with similar characteristics and motivations to countries with structural differences is similar to a natural experiment. We ask whether immigrant inequality adapts over time to inequality among natives. We find, first, that immigrants are concentrated in the lower deciles of the overall income distribution. Secondly, considering native and immigrant distributions separately, in every decile an average native is significantly richer than an average immigrant. Thirdly, inequality decompositions show that during the great recession, in Denmark inequality grew faster among immigrants than among natives. In Germany, inequality rose somewhat among natives, while it remained the same among immigrants. Therefore, we do not observe a convergence in inequality. In both countries, in 2007-2013, rising inequality among natives is the most important factor behind the rise in overall inequality. For the longer period from the 1980s to 2013 we find no convergence in inequality. Finally, compared to Turks in Turkey, immigrants in both countries have higher incomes, distributed much more equally.  
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