Congenital Radioulnar Synostosis and Radial Head Dislocation with Elbow Joint Blockage: A Case Report

Background: The proximal radioulnar joint is a syndesmal joint which stabilizes the forearm during pronation and supination, and the elbow during flexion and extension. Radioulnar synostosis is a congenital condition in which this joint is abnormally merged and, sometimes, the radial head is also dislocated. It’s mainly diagnosed in males (2:1) and the average age of diagnosis is 6 years old. Genetics is the main cause of this condition. Case Summary: We present the case of a 16-year-old male patient, diagnosed with radioulnar synostosis with congenital radial head dislocation, who presented with recurrent events of elbow blockage. A surgical resection of the radial head was performed, allowing the patient to regain a more functional elbow range of motion (R.O.M.) and, consequently, a more active lifestyle. The synostosis was not treated since it was not the main complaint, and the patient presented good compensatory movements. He was released with no complications and came for follow up at 2-weeks and 6 months post-operative with no further complications. Conclusion: Since this is a rare congenital condition, it is difficult to find in literature articles addressing this topic, especially how to approach and treat the disease to provide patients the maximum range of motion possible. This can lead to more case reports and further research and consensus on what the best surgical approach for these patients should be.