“为帮助而死”——根据米尔的说法是安乐死

R. Wallace
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摘要

“自由”一词有几种不同的解释。在法律语境中,它意味着不受约束的自由,即在不受不受欢迎的干扰的情况下为自己做出选择的自由。许多人渴望它,战争已经为它而战,然而今天,对于个人应该“自由”执行哪些行为,以及应该控制甚至完全禁止哪些行为,似乎没有普遍的一致意见。自由本身在很大程度上是由公众和政府组成的社会所控制的。无论对错,社会对生活在其范围内的所有个人实行高度控制。社会需要治理来提供稳定和保护个人及其权利,这是毋庸置疑的,历史已经证明了这一点。也就是说,人们想知道这种治理的适当限制应该是什么。19世纪英国哲学家约翰·斯图亚特·密尔(John Stuart Mill)的著作中提出了一个有趣的理论。密尔被认为是自由主义历史上最具影响力的思想家之一。事实上,密尔的原则在当前显得特别相关,也就是说,今天的社会致力于促进言论自由,个性和选择自由,同时,它禁止许多人认为个人应该自由执行的行为。面对这些事实,我们不禁要问密尔自己曾经问过的最重要的问题:“那么,个人对自己的主权的合法限制是什么?”
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
‘Dying for Assistance’ - Euthanasia according to Mill
The term ‘liberty’ is open to several different interpretations. In a legal context it means freedom from restraint, i.e. the freedom to make choices for one’s self without unwelcome interference. Many people crave it, wars have been fought over it, yet today it would appear there is no universal agreement on what acts the individual should be ‘free’ to carry out, and on those which should be controlled or even prohibited altogether. Liberty itself, is controlled largely by society, made up of both the public and government. Rightly or wrongly society exercises a high degree of control over all individuals whom live within its parameters. It is not disputed that society requires governance to provide stability and protection to individuals and their rights, this has been proven throughout history. That said, one is left wondering what the appropriate limit on this governance should be. One interesting theory was introduced by the work of John Stuart Mill, a British Philosopher in the 19th century. Mill is regarded as one of the most influential thinkers in the history of liberalism. In actual fact, Mill’s principle would appear particularly relevant at present, that is, today’s society works to promote freedom of expression, individuality and freedom of choice whilst at the same time, it prohibits acts which many, would assert, individuals should be free to perform. Faced with these facts, once cannot help but ask the all-important question which Mill himself once asked… “What, then, is the rightful limit to the sovereignty of the individual over himself?”
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