Event-Triggered Online Learning Distributionally Robust Energy Management of Ammonia-Based Multi-Energy Microgrid

This paper proposes a novel uncertainty-aware energy management framework for Multi-energy Microgrid (MEMG), which comprehensively comprises electricity, heat, natural gas, hydrogen, and ammonia. In particular, green ammonia is produced from hydrogen, which is derived from electrolysis powered by renewable energy. The proposed framework seamlessly integrates day-ahead optimal scheduling with data-driven model predictive control. To offer a just-in-time resilience to uncertainties of renewable energy and load, we further develop event-triggered online learning distributionally robust model predictive control (ET-OLDRMPC). Specifically, an event trigger mechanism is designed to enable the controller to intelligently switch between certainty-equivalence and distributionally robust schemes as per their respective advantageous regimes, thereby ensuring operation safety while mitigating unnecessary conservatism. For the distributionally robust scheme, we leverage a nonparametric Bayesian model to construct online ambiguity sets of uncertainty distributions, which encode statistical multimodality and local moment information. The effectiveness of the proposed framework is validated in a case study.