研究糖蛋白激素GPA2/GPB5信号在成年雌性长尾红鳟生殖中的作用

Areej N. Al-Dailami, I. Orchard, A. Lange
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引用次数: 1

摘要

糖蛋白激素对调节脊椎动物和无脊椎动物的各种生理活动至关重要。在脊椎动物中,经典的糖蛋白激素包括促卵泡激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)、促甲状腺激素(TSH)和绒毛膜促性腺激素(CG),它们在生长、发育、代谢和繁殖中起着至关重要的作用。在雌性哺乳动物中,卵泡刺激素刺激卵巢中的卵子产生,而LH和CG则是卵泡排卵的触发器。最近发现的异二聚体糖蛋白激素GPA2/GPB5(在脊椎动物中称为促甲状腺激素)被认为参与了节肢动物的生殖过程。本研究旨在了解GPA2/GPB5及其受体LGR1在恰加斯病病媒虫长毛Rhodnius prolixus成虫繁殖成功中的作用。采用qPCR检测GPA2和GPB5转录本及其受体在不同组织中的表达情况。免疫组化法显示GPB5在神经系统和生殖系统的分布,RNA干扰法破坏糖蛋白激素信号通路。GPA2和GPB5这两个亚基转录本存在于多种组织中,在中枢神经系统中表达最多;而LGR1转录本存在于外周组织中,包括成年女性的脂肪体和生殖系统。在成年雌性中,GPB5样免疫反应性轴突在延伸至生殖组织的主干神经中存在,突起覆盖卵巢、输卵管、精囊和滑囊,表明可能由含有GPA2/GPB5的神经元控制神经。此外,gpb5样免疫染色存在于卵巢周围的肌肉和滋养细胞(护理细胞)的细胞质中。gpb5样免疫反应过程和泡也局限于卵泡形成前的卵泡,提示这种糖蛋白激素信号参与卵母细胞发育。LGR1转录本在成年雌性生殖系统的摄食后表达增加,这是一种启动生殖发育的刺激,进一步支持参与生殖。我们研究了LGR1下调对生殖过程的影响,监测了产卵数量和质量、孵化率以及卵黄原蛋白(卵黄蛋白)的产生,卵黄原蛋白是发育蛋的主要蛋黄蛋白。LGR1的下调导致脂肪体中卵黄蛋白原RhoprVg1转录物表达增加,卵巢中卵黄蛋白原受体RhoprVgR转录物表达增加。注射dslgr1的昆虫的脂肪体和血淋巴中的总蛋白比对照组增加,与这种影响相关的是这些组织中卵黄蛋白原的显著增加。注射dslgr1可加速卵的发生,增加产蛋量和产蛋量,增大卵的大小,降低孵化率。研究结果表明,GPA2/GPB5信号通路对成年雌性长尾瓢虫的产卵有延迟作用。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Investigating the role of glycoprotein hormone GPA2/GPB5 signaling in reproduction in adult female Rhodnius prolixus
Glycoprotein hormones are essential for regulating various physiological activities in vertebrates and invertebrates. In vertebrates, the classical glycoprotein hormones include follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and chorionic gonadotropin (CG), which have crucial roles in growth, development, metabolism, and reproduction. In female mammals, FSH stimulates egg production in the ovaries, whereas LH and CG act as the triggers for follicular ovulation. The more recently discovered heterodimeric glycoprotein hormone GPA2/GPB5 (called thyrostimulin in vertebrates) is suggested to be involved in reproductive processes in arthropods. Here, we focus on understanding the role of GPA2/GPB5 and its receptor, LGR1, in the reproductive success of adult female Rhodnius prolixus, a vector of Chagas disease. qPCR was used to monitor the expression of GPA2 and GPB5 transcripts and their receptor in different tissues. Immunohistochemistry was used to show the distribution of GPB5 in the nervous system and reproductive system, and RNA interference was used to disrupt the glycoprotein hormone signaling pathway. Both subunit transcripts, GPA2 and GPB5, are present in a variety of tissues, with the greatest expression in the central nervous system; whereas the LGR1 transcript is present in peripheral tissues, including the fat body and the reproductive system of adult females. In the adult female, GPB5-like immunoreactive axonal projections are present in the trunk nerves extending onto the reproductive tissues, with processes overlaying the ovaries, oviducts, spermatheca, and bursa, indicating the possibility of neural control by neurons containing GPA2/GPB5. In addition, GPB5-like immunostaining is present in muscles encircling the ovarioles, and in the cytoplasm of trophocytes (nurse cells) located in the tropharium. GPB5-like immunoreactive processes and blebs are also localized to the previtellogenic follicles, suggesting an involvement of this glycoprotein hormone signaling in oocyte development. LGR1 transcript expression increases in the adult female reproductive system post-feeding, a stimulus that initiates reproductive development, adding further support to an involvement in reproduction. We have investigated the effect of LGR1 downregulation on reproductive processes, monitoring the number and the quality of eggs laid, hatching ratio, and production of vitellogenin (Vg), the major yolk protein for developing eggs. Downregulation of LGR1 leads to increases in transcript expression of vitellogenin, RhoprVg1, in the fat body and the vitellogenin receptor, RhoprVgR, in the ovaries. Total protein in the fat body and hemolymph of dsLGR1-injected insects increased compared to controls and associated with this effect was a significant increase in vitellogenin in these tissues. dsLGR1-injection leads to accelerated oogenesis, an increase in the number of eggs produced and laid, an increase in egg size and a reduction in hatching rate. Our results indicate that GPA2/GPB5 signaling acts to delay egg production in adult female R. prolixus.
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