纳米颗粒的毒性动力学和作用机制

A. Khelfi
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在过去的25年里,由于纳米技术领域的迅速发展,人类接触纳米粒子的机会急剧增加。许多国家已经认识到,必须查明与制造和使用这些重要技术有关的对人类健康的潜在影响。关于短期和长期影响、全身毒性和致癌性,许多问题仍未得到解答。工程纳米颗粒可以通过吸入、摄入、皮肤吸收和注射被人体吸收。它们可以到达血液,最终影响肝脏、脾脏等多个身体器官,甚至超越血脑屏障。由于所使用的材料种类繁多,纳米颗粒的大小也有很大的差别,所以这些效果会有很大的不同。局部和全身的不良反应主要包括炎症反应。其他观察到的影响包括活性氧的产生和随后的氧化应激,蛋白质、DNA、线粒体和膜结构的破坏,以及细胞信号通路的改变。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Toxicocinetic and Mechanisms of Action of Nanoparticles
Human exposure to nanoparticles has been dramatically increased in the past 25 years as a result of the rapidly developing field of nanotechnology. Many have recognized the importance of identifying potential effects on human health associated with the manufacture and use of these important technology. Many questions remain unanswered regarding the short- and long-term effect, systemic toxicity, and carcinogenicity. Engineered nanoparticles can be taken up by the human body via inhalation, ingestion, dermal uptake, and injection. They can reach the bloodstream and ultimately affect multiple body organs such as liver and spleen or even transcend the blood-brain barrier. Because of the huge diversity of materials used and the wide range in size of nanoparticles, these effects will vary a lot. Local and systemic adverse effects consist of primarily inflammatory reactions. Other observed effects include generation of reactive oxygen species and subsequent oxidative stress, disruption of proteins, DNA, mitochondria and membrane structures, as well as changes in cell signaling pathways.
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