Risk factors associated with necrotizing enterocolitis in very premature newborns, Victor Lazarte Echegaray Hospital, 2013-2018

Introduction: Necrotizing enterocolitis is the most frequent surgical emergency with a high mortality rate. There are factors associated with this, for example the use of Pulmonary Surfactant, age, birth weight, type of delivery, the administration of coffee citrate and continuous positive presion. Objectives: To determine the factors associated with necrotizing enterocolitis in moderate preterm neonates of the Lazarte Hospital 2013-2018. Materials and methods: Observational, analytical study of cases and controls. We reviewed 225 clinical histories of neonates under selection criteria. In the analysis, logistic regression was used. Results: Those who had necrotizing enterocolitis (ENC) had 29 weeks of age with RI: 28-32 and birth weight of 1524 with RI: 1205-1996. The 21.14% (n=26) of those who used the Pulmonary Surfactant had ENC, and in the same way 32.95% (n = 57) and 33.51% (n = 64) of those who had use of Caffeine Citrate and CPAP. For the type of delivery, from cesarean and vaginal way, 32.97% (n=61) and 37.5% (n=15) had ENC. In the bivariate analysis, the use of pulmonary surfactant was significant (ORc: 0.43, CI: 0.29-0.64, p=0.0001). Conclusions: Independently, only the use of surfactant was associated with ENC, being the use of surfactant a protective factor.