母语和外语双语者道德决策的时间过程

S. Brouwer
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摘要

先前的研究表明,道德决策取决于道德困境是用母语还是用外语呈现的(外语效应)。在这项工作中,重点是双语者的最终决定,但使用的任务未能捕捉到随着时间的推移所涉及的过程。本研究的目的是考察双语者在进行道德决策之前和之后用母语和外语进行道德决策的时间过程。在一项视觉世界眼动追踪实验中,82名荷兰语-英语双语者用母语或外语听了20个道德困境(例如,你会杀一个人来救五个人吗?),同时看了两张涉及困境关键人物的照片。这些图片说明了(1)被牺牲的人/人,(2)被牺牲的人/人,这取决于参与者的决定,这是用是/否问题来衡量的。外语效应在个人困境的决策中得到了复制。重要的是,眼睛注视的数据显示,在母语中,听众看的是他们没有牺牲的人,而在外语中,他们看的是他们牺牲的人。一种推测性的解释是,双语者在使用母语时可能会感到内疚,因此会把注意力集中在他们没有牺牲的人身上,而在使用外语时,他们可能会感到较少的内疚,因为他们会把注意力集中在他们牺牲的人身上。情绪减少和认知负荷等因素对道德决策的影响有待进一步研究。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The time course of moral decision making in bilinguals' native and foreign language
Previous work has shown that moral decision making depends on whether moral dilemmas are presented in the native or a foreign language (Foreign Language effect). In that work, the focus was on bilinguals' final decision, but the tasks used, failed to capture the processes involved over time. The aim of this study was to examine the time course of moral decision making in bilinguals' native and foreign language prior to and after their moral decision. In a visual-world eye-tracking experiment, 82 Dutch-English bilinguals listened to 20 moral dilemmas (e.g., would you kill one to save five?) in their native or foreign language, while looking at two pictures containing key people involved in the dilemmas. These pictures illustrated (1) the person/people that is/are sacrificed, and (2) the person/people that is/are not sacrificed, depending on the participants' decision which was measured with yes/no-questions. The Foreign Language effect was replicated for the decisions on the personal dilemmas. Importantly, the eye gaze data showed that in the native language, listeners looked at the person who they did not sacrifice, whereas in the foreign language, they looked at the people who they sacrificed. A speculative explanation is that bilinguals might have experienced guilt in the native language, and therefore focused attention on the person they did not sacrifice, while in the foreign language they might have experienced less guilt because they focused attention on the people they sacrificed. More research is needed to understand the influence of factors such as emotion reduction and cognitive load on moral decision making.
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