人才流失和第二波人口减少

Miguel González‐Leonardo, A. López‐Gay, Joaquín Recaño
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引用次数: 7

摘要

西班牙自治社区之间的地域不平衡导致一些地区受过大学教育的人移民,而另一些地区则集中了合格的人力资本。在半岛腹地和坎塔布连海岸,随着世纪之交,外流的强度变得更加严重,受到教育资本外流和城市年轻人移民的动态影响。人口减少不再是农村地区独有的现象。它已经扩展到传统的派遣自治社区的城市环境。卡斯蒂利亚和León是受影响最严重的地区,由于区域间和国外的长途流动,该省省会的年轻人每年的移民损失为-13.4‰,其他城市的年轻人为-9.25‰,农村地区为-9.63‰。移民赤字必须加上移民的高水平学历,因为超过53.8%的离开西班牙的年轻人有大学学历,而来自西班牙其他地方的年轻人中只有36.7%具有同等学历。马德里是人才的主要接收地,汇集了38.7%的西班牙年轻人的跨地区移民运动,他们的流入体现了高水平的教育。在这个群体中,64.8%的人拥有大学学位。在本期《透视Demogràfiques》中,我们分析了2013年至2017年25至39岁西班牙出生人口跨越自治区边界的迁移运动,重点关注区域间流动、这些交流的教育水平以及根据地域设置(城市和农村)的迁移平衡。为了做到这一点,我们分析了来自居住变化统计(EVR)和活跃人口调查(EPA)的数据。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Brain drain and the Second Wave of Depopulation
The territorial imbalances among the autonomous Spanish communities result in emigration of university-educated people in some regions and concentrations of qualified human capital in others. The hinterland of the peninsula and the Cantabrian coast, where the intensity of outflows became more serious with the turn of the century, are affected by the dynamics of educational decapitalisation and emigration of young people of their cities. Depopulation is no longer a phenomenon that is exclusive to rural areas. It has extended to the urban milieus of the traditional sending autonomous communities. Castile and León is the most affected region, with annual migration losses due to long-distance mobility -interregional and abroad- of -13.4‰ among the young people of the capitals of the province, -9.25‰ in other urban municipalities, and -9.63‰ in rural areas. To this migration deficit must be added the high levels of qualifications of the emigrants, since more than 53.8% of young people who leave have university studies and only 36.7% of who arriving from elsewhere in Spain are equally qualified. Madrid is the main receiver of talent, bringing together 38.7% of the interregional migratory movements of young Spanish people whose inflows present high levels of education. In this group, 64.8% are university degree holders. In this issue of Perspectives Demogràfiques we analyse the migratory movements of Spanish-born population between 25and 39 years who crossed some autonomous region border from 2013 to 2017, focusing on interregional flows, the educational level of these exchanges, and the migratory balance according to the territorial setting (urban and rural). In order to do so, we analyse the data from Statistics on Residential Variations (EVR) and the Active Population Survey (EPA).
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