Tributary Water Depth and Velocity Remote Monitoring System using Arduino and LoRa

Currently, monitoring tributary water depths and velocity is divided into two distinct setups, and the majority of data extraction is performed manually. This paper aims to develop a real-time remote monitoring system capable of measuring the depth and velocity of tributary water in real-time. The system measures and records the water flow speed using the YS-F201 Hall-effect water flow sensor and the water depth using the HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor. The Arduino Uno R3 microcontroller is used to process raw data using a set of computational functions to generate final depth and velocity values. For remote monitoring and data communication, the LoRa SX1278 module is integrated with the microcontroller. At -102dBm, the LoRa modules detect a minimum RSSI. The ultrasonic sensor has a 97.72 % accuracy in measuring water depths up to 1.5 meters and a 98.19 % accuracy in measuring water velocity. The experimental results established the system's utility.