用于空间和科学成像的MCT红外探测器的最新进展

O. Gravrand, J. Rothman, P. Castelein, C. Cervera, N. Baier, C. Lobre, E. de Borniol, J. Zanatta, O. Boulade, V. Moreau, B. Fièque, P. Chorier
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引用次数: 5

摘要

HgCdTe (MCT)是一种非常通用的红外探测材料。事实上,能够定制截止频率尽可能接近检测需求,使其成为高性能检测的完美候选者,适用于广泛的应用和光谱范围。此外,目前可用的高质量材料,无论是液相外延(LPE)还是分子束外延(MBE),都可以在低温下实现非常低的暗电流,并使其适合于非常低的磁通检测应用,如科学成像。MCT还证明了其对恶劣空间环境的鲁棒性,因此面临着空间应用的巨大需求,例如为科学目的盯着外太空,在这种情况下,检测到的光子数非常低,这对探测器产生了很强的限制:低暗电流,低噪声,低持久性,(非常)大焦平面阵列。适应这些要求的MCT二极管结构自然是p/n光电二极管。随着这项技术在DEFIR的发展,并转移到Sofradir在MWIR和LWIR范围内用于战术应用,我们的实验室因此与CEA天体物理实验室合作,研究了它在不同光谱波段的超低通量适应性。在SWIR范围内超低磁通应用的另一种替代方案是低过量噪声MCT n/p雪崩光电二极管(APD)。这些apd可能在某些情况下打开亚电子噪声红外检测的大门。本文将回顾DEFIR (CEA-LETI和Sofradir共同实验室)在这一问题上取得的最新成果,从用于经典天文需求的短波(SWIR)波段探测,到用于系外行星凌日光谱的长波(LWIR)波段,再到甚长波(VLWIR)波段。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Latest achievements on MCT IR detectors for space and science imaging
HgCdTe (MCT) is a very versatile material for IR detection. Indeed, the ability to tailor the cutoff frequency as close as possible to the detection needs makes it a perfect candidate for high performance detection in a wide range of applications and spectral ranges. Moreover, the high quality material available today, either by liquid phase epitaxy (LPE) or molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) allows for very low dark currents at low temperatures and make it suitable for very low flux detection application such as science imaging. MCT has also demonstrated its robustness to aggressive space environment and faces therefore a large demand for space application such as staring at the outer space for science purposes in which case, the detected photon number is very low This induces very strong constrains onto the detector: low dark current, low noise, low persistence, (very) large focal plane arrays. The MCT diode structure adapted to fulfill those requirements is naturally the p/n photodiode. Following the developments of this technology made at DEFIR and transferred to Sofradir in MWIR and LWIR ranges for tactical applications, our laboratory has consequently investigated its adaptation for ultra-low flux in different spectral bands, in collaboration with the CEA Astrophysics lab. Another alternative for ultra low flux applications in SWIR range, has also been investigated with low excess noise MCT n/p avalanche photodiodes (APD). Those APDs may in some cases open the gate to sub electron noise IR detection.. This paper will review the latest achievements obtained on this matter at DEFIR (CEA-LETI and Sofradir common laboratory) from the short wave (SWIR) band detection for classical astronomical needs, to the long wave (LWIR) band for exoplanet transit spectroscopy, up to the very long waves (VLWIR) band.
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