Wave Digital Frameworks for Simulation of Microwave Couplers: Transmission Line versus Equivalent Lumped Circuit

In this paper, the authors demonstrate different wave digital frameworks of branch-line couplers with three parallel lines. The frameworks for analyzing complex multi-port through generalizing the wave digital approach, which is extensively applied for modeling the performance of different physical systems, is presented. The authors propose a transmission line model versus earlier presented equivalent lumped circuit model for simulation of microwave couplers, and demonstrate comprehensive analysis results.