Systematic Literature Review on Process Mining in Learning Management System

In the era of Industry 4.0, information systems record a huge amount of event logs. Process Mining (PM) techniques can evaluate a Learning Management System (LMS) usage based on actual learner’s activity as recorded in the event logs. Similar systematic review research has highlighted the use of PM in LMS datasets and essential issues for future research. Our research is motivated by the fact that no literature reviews consider the process mining application in the learning process design. This paper aims to present the use of PM in LMS related to the deviation between learning design and actual execution. This literature study selects 20 out of 52 published articles from 2017 until 2021 based on the criteria and quality assessment. These articles were analyzed based on the research objectives, PM technique, and the tools used. The results show that student behavior is heavily related to the deviation between learning design and actual execution. Three perspectives are found in approaching student behavior: comparison of student behavior, performance prediction based on student behavior, and learning strategy evaluation. This structured literature review may help LMS learning designers improve learning design to suit student behavior.