K2:一个异构相干域的移动操作系统

F. Lin, Zhen Wang, Lin Zhong
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引用次数: 83

摘要

包含异构相干域的移动系统芯片(SoC)为广泛的移动应用提供了高能效,但难以编程。要利用该体系结构,一个理想的但缺失的功能是在多个一致性域中复制操作系统(OS)服务,并使用最少的域间通信。在设计这样一个操作系统时,我们设定了三个目标:简化应用程序开发,简化操作系统工程,并保持当前操作系统的性能。为此,我们为多个相干域确定了一个共享最多的操作系统模型:创建没有共享状态的核心操作系统服务的每个域实例,同时使其他扩展操作系统服务能够跨域共享状态。为了测试该模型,我们通过重用大部分Linux 3.4源代码,在TI OMAP4 SoC上构建了K2,这是一个原型操作系统。K2为应用程序提供了一个单一的系统映像,其两个内核运行在OMAP4的两个相干域之上。这两个内核有独立的核心操作系统服务实例,如页面分配器和中断管理,由K2协调;这两个内核共享大多数扩展的操作系统服务,例如设备驱动程序,其状态由K2透明地保持一致。尽管有平台限制和未优化的代码,K2将轻量级操作系统工作负载的能源效率提高了8 -10倍,同时为内核之间共享的设备驱动程序带来不到6%的性能开销。我们在K2项目上的经验表明,共享最多模式是有希望的。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
K2: a mobile operating system for heterogeneous coherence domains
Mobile System-on-Chips (SoC) that incorporate heterogeneous coherence domains promise high energy efficiency to a wide range of mobile applications, yet are difficult to program. To exploit the architecture, a desirable, yet missing capability is to replicate operating system (OS) services over multiple coherence domains with minimum inter-domain communication. In designing such an OS, we set three goals: to ease application development, to simplify OS engineering, and to preserve the current OS performance. To this end, we identify a shared-most OS model for multiple coherence domains: creating per-domain instances of core OS services with no shared state, while enabling other extended OS services to share state across domains. To test the model, we build K2, a prototype OS on the TI OMAP4 SoC, by reusing most of the Linux 3.4 source. K2 presents a single system image to applications with its two kernels running on top of the two coherence domains of OMAP4. The two kernels have independent instances of core OS services, such as page allocator and interrupt management, as coordinated by K2; the two kernels share most extended OS services, such as device drivers, whose state is kept coherent transparently by K2. Despite platform constraints and unoptimized code, K2 improves energy efficiency for light OS workloads by 8x-10x, while incurring less than 6% performance overhead for a device driver shared between kernels. Our experiences with K2 show that the shared-most model is promising.
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