19世纪圣弗拉基米尔大学的免费教育

N. Sokolova
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摘要

文章着重介绍了19世纪获得公费留学权的圣弗拉基米尔大学学生的专业培养特点。在精英教育的条件下,由于其高昂的成本和社会和宗教歧视,有限的年轻人可以获得精英教育,国家资助的学生制度允许有才华的年轻人获得高等教育,追求科学或官僚领域。在现代乌克兰,减少政府命令数量,限制学者数量的问题,基辅大学的历史经验比以往任何时候都更有意义。本文运用历史决定论和客观性的一般科学原理,运用分析、描述、比较历史的方法。它们的使用可以检查学习条件,学生的专业训练水平,以及在科学流通中纳入新的历史资料。这项研究是在广泛的资源基础上进行的,涉及档案材料。这是第一次尝试分析依赖国家或因撰写科学论文而获得奖学金的学生的科学作品。事实证明,19世纪下半叶的学生作品的科学水平远远高于圣弗拉基米尔大学前几十年的作品。应该强调的是,国家资助学生的专业培训水平远远高于他们自己的水平。被剥夺国家财政援助的威胁迫使学生诚实听课,准备考试,不断从事科学研究。尽管青年学生在科学领域取得了成功,但基辅大学的奖学金获得者比例远低于乌克兰其他大学。研究学习条件,在俄罗斯帝国其他大学获得国家支持的学生的科学作品内容将决定每个教育机构的专业培训水平。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Free Education at the University of St. Volodymyr in the 19th Century
The article highlights the features of professional training of students of the University of St. Volodymyr, who received the right to study at public expense in the 19th century. Under the conditions of elite education, accessible to a limited number of young people due to its high cost and social and religious discrimination, the institution of state-funded students allowed talented young people to obtain higher education and pursue a scientific or bureaucratic field. In modern Ukraine, where the issue of reducing the number of government orders, limiting the number of scholars, the historical experience of the University of Kiev is more relevant than ever. The article uses general scientific principles of historicism and objectivity and uses analytical, descriptive, comparative-historical methods. Their use allowed to examine the conditions of study, the level of professional training of students, as well as to involve new historical sources in scientific circulation. The research is conducted on the basis of a wide source base with the involvement of archival materials. For the first time, an attempt is made to analyse the scientific works of students who were dependent on the state or received a scholarship for writing a scientific paper. It is proved that the scientific level of student works written in the second half of the 19th century is much higher than in the works created in the first decades of the University of St. Voladymyr. It should be emphasized that the level of professional training of state-funded students is much higher than that of their own. The threat of being deprived of state financial aid forced students to attend lectures honestly, prepare for exams and constantly work on scientific research. Despite the success of student youth in the scientific field, the percentage of scholarship holders at the University of Kyiv was much lower than at other Ukrainian universities. Studying the conditions of study, the content of scientific works of students who were on state support in other universities of the Russian Empire will determine the level of professional training in each educational institution.
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