Historia de las infecciones por coronavirus y epidemiología de la infección por SARS-CoV-2

The first description of the human coronavirus (CoV) was in 1965 by Tyrrell and was so named because of crown-like projections from its surface. CoV’s usually cause respiratory and gastrointestinal diseases in humans. The first epidemics were caused by SARS-CoV (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoV) in 2002 and by MERS-CoV (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome CoV) in 2012. The current epidemic is caused by the new coronavirus called SARS-CoV-2 causing of COVID-19 disease. The first cases were reported in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 and since then the spread of the disease has been global. The World Health Organization declared it a pandemic on March 11, 2020. By May 27, a total of 5,488,825 confirmed cases of SARS-CoV-2 have been reported worldwide, the most affected continent is the American with 2,495,924 cases, followed by Europe with 2,061,828 cases. In Mexico, the first case was diagnosed on February 28, 2020. Initially in China it was reported that 14% of patients presented with moderate symptoms, 4.7% critically ill patients, and 2.3% mortality with variability in different countries. In Mexico mortality is higher (9.2%). The presentation of the disease in patients with chronic kidney disease is atypical (diarrhea in one third of patients) and with higher mortality (16.2-52%). In kidney transplant recipients, COVID-19 disease presents with greater complications and higher mortality (10-66%).