Impact of TCSC and ESs on Unified ALFC-AVR study of Multi-Area Interconnected Power System using 2DOF-TIDD Controller

This paper conveys impact of Thyristor-Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC) and coalesced Energy Storage systems (ESs) on unified ALFC-AVR concept of a multi-unit based interrelated power system. Each thermal unit is equipped with nonlinearity constraints. Besides thermal units, Area-1 includes bio-diesel engine, Area-2 contains HDGT and Area-3 comprises Solar Thermal Power Plants (STPP). The two degree of freedom Tilt-Integral-Double Derivative (2DOF-TIDD) controller is implemented in both ALFC and AVR systems. The Harris Hawks Optimization (HHO) technique is used to optimize gains of all considered controllers. The 2DOF-TIDD controller is upheld to be distinguished relative to TID, TIDD controllers in comparison to all time-domain indices. The system dynamics is investigated in presence and absence of TCSC and ESs as well as without both of them. Finally, sensitivity analysis of proposed controller is analyzed to understand the sturdiness against different magnitudes of system loading, and various magnitudes of physical constraints.