19世纪至20世纪初东西伯利亚农村居民点的区域规划与管理

Evgeniia V. Pulyaevskaia
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摘要

本文研究了俄罗斯政府在19世纪至20世纪初进行的领土转型以及对农村聚落的管理。本文采用了史学和地图学的分析方法,以及档案资料和统计资料的研究方法。这项工作分两个阶段进行:在行政结构的当代边界内确定国家一级的土地使用模式;研究迁移过程的管理和迁移点规划中基本原则的定义。对与农村社区有关的土地利用进行了回顾性分析,并以图表和制图材料的形式提出,反映了移民地区的领土发展状况。收集的历史资料、统计数据和监管支持反映了国家层面管理迁移过程的主要方法和农村聚落规划的经验。移民区以个体农场和小块土地的形式从国家自由储备中分配。过程管理的基础是一个由各种专家组成的委员会系统,这些专家的任务包括组织社会和工程基础设施。对定居地区进行的研究、为农业社会和少数民族分配土地、对现有土地使用进行排序以及确定该地区的经济和农业潜力,构成了定居规划期间对领土进行初步综合分析的方法。所得结果对于分析国土发展动态,研究农村聚落系统国土规划的方法和实践具有重要意义。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Regional planning and management of rural settlements in Eastern Siberia in 19th – early 20th centu-ries
This article studies territorial transformations, along with the management of rural settlements, carried out by the Russian government in the 19th–early 20th centuries. The methods of historiographic and cartographic analysis, as well as the study of archival sources and statistical data, were used. The work was carried out in two stages: identification of the land-use pattern at the state level within the contem-porary borders of administrative structure; study of the management of the relocation process and def-inition of basic principles in the planning of migration sites. A retrospective analysis of the land use as-sociated with a rural community was presented as diagrams and cartographic materials reflecting the state of territorial development in migration areas. The collected historiographic materials, statistical data and regulatory support reflect the main methods for managing the relocation process and the ex-perience of planning rural settlement at the state level. The migration areas were allocated from free state reserves in the form of individual farms and plots of land. The process management was based on a system of committees involving various specialists, whose tasks included the organisation of so-cial and engineering infrastructure. The performed study of the settlement territory, the allocation of lands for farming societies and minorities, the ordering of the existing land use and the identification of the economic and agricultural potential of the region comprise the methods of the preliminary compre-hensive analysis of the territory during settlement planning. The obtained results are essential for ana-lysing the dynamics of territorial development and studying methods and practices of territorial plan-ning of the rural settlement system.
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