Arch-trapped propagation in enclosed and free space biological objects

The tendency of arch-trapped microwave propagation at curved surfaces is a kind of diffraction which needs more attention in the development of measurement systems, from the oil industry to the investigations using antenna applicator systems for biological objects. We develop equations for propagation in very Iossy substances in metal pipes. Similar such propagation occurs at the periphery of rounded objects in air, where also surface wave effects occur and can cause measurement problems. We show a modified contacting antenna applicator minimizing arch-trapped as well as surface waves.