电动汽车用硅合金锂离子电池寿命周期评价

Maeva Philippot, J. Smekens, J. Mierlo, M. Messagie
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引用次数: 3

摘要

纯电动汽车(BEV)被视为清洁交通的解决方案,因为它们能够减少城市的空气排放。电池是影响电动汽车性能的关键部件。能源密度是汽车工业的重要要求,因此本研究的目标是评估含有高压NMC阴极和硅合金阳极的新型电池对气候变化的影响。考虑到硅的高能量密度,它是一种很有前途的牵引电池材料。本文的研究范围是制造业。本研究采用生命周期评价方法。设置连贯的系统边界和功能单元是必不可少的,并回顾了有关这些选择的文献。尽可能多地收集来自工业合作伙伴的特定于站点的数据。然后通过蒙特卡罗模拟来评估结果的不确定性。造成气候变化的主要因素是使用化石资源发电的电池制造。下一个大贡献者是阴极膏,阴极膏排放的一半发生在硫酸镍制造中。注意,硫酸盐镍是阴极中的主要前驱体。底物、电解质和分离器所占的排放份额并不高,尽管它们占细胞质量的近40%。为了评价结论的稳健性,进行了敏感性分析。如今,大多数电池都是在中国生产的,欧盟委员会(European Commission)正在推动电池的本地化生产。通过用中国平均混合能源和可再生能源替代原始混合能源来检验结果的敏感性。总之,在欧洲制造可以减少对气候变化的影响,使用水电和/或光伏板甚至可以提高这种电池制造的环境性能。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT OF SILICON ALLOY-BASED LITHIUM-ION BATTERY FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLES
Battery Electric Vehicles (BEV) are seen as a solution for cleaner mobility, due to their ability to reduce air emissions in cities. Batteries are key components that have a large influence on performances of EVs. Energy density is an important requirement from automotive industry, therefore the goal of this study is to assess the impact of a traction battery with new cells containing a high voltage NMC cathode and silicon alloy based anode on climate change. Silicon is a promising material for traction batteries, considering its high energy density. The scope of the paper is the manufacturing. This study uses the life cycle assessment method. Setting coherent system boundaries and functional units is essential and literature regarding these choices is reviewed. Site-specific data from industrial partners is collected as much as possible. The uncertainty of the results is then assessed thanks to a Monte Carlo simulation. The main contributor to climate change is cell manufacturing due to the use of fossil resources for electricity generation. The next big contributor is the cathode paste, half of the cathode paste emissions occurring in the nickel sulphate manufacturing. Note that nickel sulphate is the main precursor in the cathode. Substrates, electrolytes and separators do not represent high shares of emissions, even though they represent almost 40% of the cell mass. To evaluate the robustness of the conclusions, a sensitivity analysis is performed. Today, most of batteries are manufactured in China and the European Commission is pushing toward a more local production. The sensitivity of the results is tested by replacing the original mix by the Chinese average mix and by renewable energy sources. In conclusion, manufacturing in Europe can reduce the impact on climate change and using hydropower and/or photovoltaic panels can even improve the environmental performances of manufacturing of this battery.
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