Dijkstra Algorithm Based Building Evacuation Edge Computing and IoT System Design and Implementation

Large and complex buildings built in China in recent years, such as Olympic venues, airports, and large hospitals, have brought new fire evacuation problems. Many designs are using Internet of Things (IoT) technology to enhance buildings’ perception of flames and smoke. In this paper, in addition to using IoT to improve the fire-awareness of buildings, a set of algorithms based on the Dijkstra’s shortest path method is designed to operate on the local FPGA edge computing terminal to determine the current optimal evacuation path. An IoT system with an evacuation lighting system provides an optimal route indication for people in the building. Compared with the traditional Internet of Things and cloud computing technology, this design uses FPGA near the data terminal to process and analyze the collected data in real time, which effectively improves the speed of data response and Reduced bandwidth congestion caused by massive data. Reduced power consumption of IoT. The system was tested in the office building of Beijing University of Technology, which can effectively indicate the path under different fire conditions. In the event of a fire, the evacuation algorithm can be updated every 10 seconds, and the emergency lights are updated every 5 seconds and indicate an emergency route.