马克思主义,理论,转折:当代葛兰西-阿尔都塞对话的可能注释

Martín Cortés
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本文就重建一个能够满足当代困境的马克思主义理论的必要条件提出了各种假设。中心假设假设了两个信念:第一,当代资本主义(也许还有文明)的深刻危机只能通过基于整体视角的强大理论来批判性地解决(这一类别的失宠,以及如何重新工作和复兴它,是本文的部分重点);其次,虽然当前的危机表面上可能是新奇的,但构成所谓马克思主义的异质文本体已经能够提供解决危机的工具。出发点是将当前的形势定性为反理论的。这意味着对现实如何描述自身的过度兴趣以及对使用强大的概念来思考现实的过度兴趣。基于这一假设,我们探索的可能性是,对安东尼奥·葛兰西的马克思主义的某种解释——过度的历史主义和内在主义——以自己的方式参与了一种反理论主义的形式。为了提出一种理论选择,本文旨在恢复葛兰西和阿尔都塞的贡献之间的良性关系,目的是思考一种关注理论问题的马克思主义,但也通过“结合点”问题的中心性来关注历史奇点问题。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Marxism, Theory, Conjuncture: Notes on a Possible Contemporary Gramsci–Althusser Dialogue
This article offers various hypotheses regarding the conditions necessary for the reconstruction of a Marxist theory capable of meeting contemporary dilemmas. The central hypothesis posits two beliefs: first, the deep crisis of contemporary capitalism (and perhaps of civilisation) can only be critically addressed by rehabilitating strong theories based on a perspective of totality (this category’s fall from grace, as well as how to rework and revive it, are in part the focus of this text); secondly, while the current crisis might be outwardly novel, the heterogeneous body of texts making up what is called Marxism is already capable of furnishing tools to address the crisis. The starting point is the characterisation of the present conjuncture as anti-theoretical. By this is meant an excessive interest in how reality describes itself and an equally excessive disinterest in the use of strong concepts to think through that reality. Based on this hypothesis, the possibility explored is that a certain interpretation of Antonio Gramsci’s Marxism – excessively historicist and immanentist – has participated, in its own way, in a form of anti-theoricism. In order to propose a theoretical alternative, the article aims to rehabilitate a virtuous relationship between the contributions of Gramsci and those of Louis Althusser with the purpose of thinking a Marxism concerned with the problem of theory, but also attentive, through the centrality of the problematic of the conjuncture¸ to the question of historical singularity.
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