纳米颗粒和纳米催化剂的研究进展

Tian Chen, Davin Meng
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引用次数: 1

摘要

催化在化学领域占有重要的地位,它表现在三个不同的方向,表现出最小的重叠:多相、酶促和均相。多相催化和均相催化是固体化学和分子化学这两个科学团体所倡导的截然不同的领域。尽管存在差异,但这两个领域都有一个共同的目标,即寻求提高催化性能。纳米催化由于其独特的活性、选择性和生产力水平,近年来作为一门新兴的科学学科而获得了突出的地位。纳米催化剂的独特特性源于其纳米尺度的尺寸、形态和显著提高的表面积与体积比。这些结构上和电子上的改变使它们区别于它们的同类产品,从而产生了独特的性能。在纳米尺度上,量子化学和经典物理的原理不适用。在以坚固化学键为特征的材料中,电子离域的程度可以是实质性的,并且可能表现出尺寸相关的可变性。这篇综述的主要目的是阐述对纳米催化的批判性理解,详细说明纳米材料的不同催化特征和其他颗粒特征是如何取决于它们在原子水平上的结构和大小的。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
A Critical Review of Nanoparticles and Nano Catalyst
Catalysis holds a significant position in the field of chemistry, wherein it manifests in three distinct directions that exhibit minimal overlap: heterogeneous, enzymatic, and homogeneous. Heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysis are recognized as distinct fields championed by two scientific societies, namely solid state and molecular chemistry. Despite their differences, both domains share a common goal of seeking to enhance catalytic performance. Nanocatalysis has gained prominence as a burgeoning scientific discipline in recent times, owing to its exceptional levels of activity, selectivity, and productivity. The distinctive characteristics of nanocatalysts arise from their nanoscale dimensions, morphology, and significantly elevated surface area to volume ratio. These structural and electronic modifications distinguish them from their bulk counterparts, resulting in unique properties. At the nanoscale level, the principles of quantum chemistry and classical physics are not applicable. In materials characterised by robust chemical bonding, the degree of electron delocalization can be substantial and may exhibit size-dependent variability. The primary objective of this review is to expound upon the critical understanding of nanocatalysis, detailing how the different catalytic feature and other particle features of nanomaterials are contingent on their structure and size at an atomic level.
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