贫困高职学生心理特点和就业动机研究

以往对中国贫困大学生的研究主要集中在本科院校的贫困生群体，对贫困高职学生的关注不足。本研究通过调查山西省运城职业技术学院的 2046 名二、三年级学生，发现贫困学生的正性情绪、成长型思维、基本心理需求满足、坚毅、自主学习动机、学校表现均高于非贫困生，抑郁低于非贫困生，生活满意度、负性情绪、希望、自我效能感、焦虑、受控学习动机、学校投入与非贫困生无显著差异，因果定向的自主、受控维度高于非贫困生，非个人化维度则无显著差异。这与以往对贫困大学生心理特点的研究结论不同，原因可能是贫困高职学生的社会比较较不明显、期望较低及该高职院校特点。调查还发现，贫困生的就业自主和受控动机均与非贫困生无显著差异，但动机缺乏程度低于非贫困生，去不同类型单位就业的意愿也高于非贫困生。回归分析显示，这与贫困生更积极的因果定向有关。本研究考察了中西部贫困高职学生的心理和行为特点，对于精准扶贫工作有着重要意义。 Prior research on impoverished college students in China focused on regular undergraduates from low income families. The psychological characteristics of impoverished students in vocational colleges were not sufficiently studied. This study surveys 2046 sophomore and junior students from the Yuncheng Vocational College in Shanxi province. We find that，compared to the other students，the impoverished students have higher positive affect，growth mindset，basic psychological needs satisfaction，grit，autonomous learning motivations，school performance，autonomous and controlled causality orientation，and lower level of depression. There are no significant differences between the two groups in life satisfaction，negativeaffect，hope，self-efficacy，anxiety，controlled learning motivations，and school engagement. The impoverished students have significant lower amotivational level if job-seeking than those of the non-impoverished students，while the other types of job-seeking motivations are statistically the same between the two groups. They are also significantly more willing to work in the government，public sectors，and state-owned enterprises，while their willingness to work in the private sectors and start up their own entrepreneurship are statically the same as the non-impoverished students. These findings show a stronger risk-aversion tendency among impoverished students. The autonomous causality orientation of the impoverished students is negatively related to the job-seeking amotivation and negatively related to the job-seeking willingness，the impersonal causality orientation is positively related to the job-seeking amotivation and negatively related to the job-seeking willingness，while the relationships of the controlled causality orientation to the job-seeking amotivation and willingness are in between of the other two causality orientation styles. The implications and limitations of this study are discussed.