模拟宏观湍流对风力发电机影响的CFD方法的发展及其在VAWT特殊情况下的应用

F. Balduzzi, Marco Zini, G. Ferrara, A. Bianchini
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引用次数: 1

摘要

根据现有的报告和数据库,在高湍流地区安装的大多数装置实际上无法达到预期的能量产出,导致涡轮机停滞不前或表现不佳,这也给这项技术带来了负面影响。更好地了解风力涡轮机在高度湍流条件下的真实性能,对于确保新装置的经济可行性至关重要。为此,可能使用计算流体动力学(CFD)技术可以提供显着的好处,减少上市时间和实验成本。另一方面,用研究和工业中常用的技术(例如CFD非定常RANS)来重现适当强度和大规模的湍流本质上是不容易的,而唯一被允许这样做的方法(例如DNS或LES)通常在计算上是负担不起的。从这一背景出发,本研究提出了一种数值策略的发展,以最大限度地利用非定常reynolds - average Navier-Stokes (RANS)方法的能力,以重现用于风能应用的宏观湍流场。本研究主要由两部分组成。第一部分以实际风洞数据为基础,对数值方法进行了讨论和评价。并与其他现有方法进行了比较。在第二部分中,它被用于模拟H-Darrieus垂直轴风力机在湍流下的行为,并获得了独特的风洞数据。虽然是初步的模拟,但与实验结果吻合较好(如证实了功率的增加),显示了该方法的潜力。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Development of a CFD Methodology to Reproduce the Effects of Macro Turbulence on Wind Turbines and its Application to the Particular Case of a VAWT
Based on existing reports and databases, most of the installations in highly turbulent sites in fact fail to reach the expected energy yield, resulting in still or underperforming turbines that also give bad press for the technology. A better understanding of the real performance of wind turbines under highly turbulent conditions is then pivotal to ensure the economic viability of new installations. To this end, the possible use of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) techniques could provide notable benefits, reducing the time-to-market and the cost with respect to experiments. On the other hand, it is intrinsically not easy to reproduce properly intense and large-scale turbulence with the techniques of common use for research and industry (e.g. CFD unsteady RANS), while the only methods that are granted to do so (e.g. DNS or LES) are often not computationally affordable. Moving from this background, this study presents the development a numerical strategy to exploit at their maximum level the capabilities of an unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) approach in order to reproduce fields of macro turbulence of use for wind energy applications. The study is made of two main parts. In the first part, the numerical methodology is discussed and assessed based on real wind tunnel data. The benefits and drawbacks are presented also in comparison to other existing methods. In the second part, it has been used to simulate the behavior under turbulence of a H-Darrieus vertical-axis wind turbine, for which unique wind tunnel data were available. The simulations, even if preliminary, showed good matching with experiments (e.g. confirming the increase of power), showing then the potential of the method.
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