Need for Human Extended Reality Interaction (HXRI) Framework for the design of Extended Reality-based Training Environments for Surgical Contexts

There is a rapid increase in the use of Extended Reality (XR) based simulators for surgical training. Researchers have developed XR-based simulators for various surgical fields such as laparoscopic surgery, brain surgery, and eye surgery, among others. However, there is a lack of effort in developing a holistic framework to support the creation of such XR-based simulators. The objective of this paper is to demonstrate the need for a framework by integration of various elements such as Human-Computer Interaction (HCI), participatory design, information modeling, and computational approaches to support the creation of XR-based simulators. A detailed survey of the current state of the art for the development of XR-based simulators is presented in this paper followed by the gap in the current research. The need for a framework based on the current gap is also showcased in the paper. Finally, the proposed Human eXtended Reality Interaction (HXRI) framework for the creation of XR-based training environments for surgical contexts is discussed.