历史与法律框架下美国最高法院的宪法制定

Ekaterina G. Kogan
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本文通过宪法理论的形成考察了美国最高法院进行立法的主要方面。这项工作的相关性是由于这样一个事实,即从司法立法的贡献的角度研究与美国宪法发展有关的问题,可以有助于解决包括俄罗斯联邦在内的各国立法和执法的多维问题,尽管缺乏统一的方法。作者运用历史和制度结构的方法,揭示了美国宪法产生和修改的基本途径,并从理论上分析了美国宪法发展的主要机制,即通过最高法院对宪法条款的解释,在此之后,未经正式变更的美国宪法条款获得了现代社会法律意义上的特殊法律意义。揭示了“活的”宪法的形成机制,以美国最高法院的解释为条件,作为立法的要素。指出美国最高法院的立法现象是由于法律趋同,并不局限于理论框架内的解释和解释,而是与法院判决中的先例直接相关。结论是美国最高法院在宪法条款的发展中发挥了巨大的作用,尽管事实上立法并没有被其主要功能正式定义。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
On Constitutional Law Making of the U.S. Supreme Court in the Historical and Legal Framework
The article examines the main aspects of law-making carried out by the Supreme Court of the United States through the formation of constitutional doctrines. The relevance of the work is due to the fact that the study of issues related to the development of American constitutional law from the point of view of the contribution of judicial law-making can be useful in solving multidimensional problems of law-making and law enforcement of various states, including the Russian Federation, despite the lack of a unified approach. The author, using the historical and system-structural method, reveals fundamental approaches to the creation and amendment of the US Constitution, carries out a theoretical analysis of the main mechanisms of the development of the US Constitution, which occurs through the interpretation of its provisions by the Supreme Court, after which they (provisions) without formal change acquire special legal significance in the modern socio-legal sense. Reveals the mechanisms of the formation of a ‘living’ constitution, conditioned by the interpretations of the Supreme Court of the United States, as elements of law-making. States that the phenomenon of lawmaking of the Supreme Court in the United States is due to legal convergence, and is not limited exclusively to interpretations and interpretations within the framework of doctrines, but is directly related to precedents in court decisions. Concludes that the US Supreme Court plays a huge role in the development of constitutional provisions, despite the fact that lawmaking is not officially defined by its main function.
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