Design and Analysis of Glassy Carbon Material towards the Development of Biosensors for EarlyDetection of Lung Cancer

Biosensors have a high potential for openly acknowl-edging and analyzing various anomalies related to the human body, particularly diseases like cancer. Lung cancer (LC) rates as a significant cause of mortality and a major obstacle to raising life expectancy in every nation. The death rate may be decreased to some extent by earlier detection as most LC patients are diagnosed at the advanced stages.LC can be treated using a variety of techniques used to screen for cancer based on tumor size. The available methods are expensive and not suitable for widespread screening as they are time-consuming and have a high rate of false-positive results. Therefore, it is required to design a simple, cost-effective, early detection platform to improve clinical prognosis and survival rates. Molecular biomarkers (BM) come into the picture, acetone, pentane, ethanol, and isoprene are the four carbonyl volatile organic compounds (VOCs) associated with LC, and depending on the kind of cancer, different concentration ranges exist. In contrast to healthy people, LC patients must have distinct metabolic pathways that lead to VOC production or metabolism. Compared to Gold (Au) interdigitated electrodes (IDE), TiO2 with the Glassy carbon sensing layer exhibits significant deflection in the change of resistance with the aid of Glassy carbon IDE. This combination including glassy carbon IDE provides a broad range of use in creating biosensors.