In search of the best clock

Because of the increased need for better clock performance than is currently available, this paper addresses some fundamental questions regarding clock metrology. Heretofore, most work has focussed on improving the clocks to meet the increased need. Though this is fundamental and will be addressed in the paper, we will also show that significant gains are available through the algoritbms which process the clock readings and through international comparisons now available via satellite. Proper algorithms for processing seem to be more important than the proportionate attention generally given them. In fact, to date, the only way we have been able to investigate some of the long-term performance aspects of the millisecond pulsar, ESR 1937+21, is by using such optimization algorithms. Since there are indications in the pulsar data of variations which could be explained as arising from the influence of gravity waves, these long-term stability studies take on a new importance. Years of study will probably be necessary to confirm these initial indications, but clearly improved long-term stability of earth-bound clock systems would significantly assist this study.