Model Predictive Control for AC/DC Energy Management of a Modular Multilevel Converter Operated in Grid-Forming Mode

In this paper, an optimization problem is formulated and a complete control solution is proposed that uses the Model Predictive Control (MPC) for AC/DC energy management of a Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC) controlled in grid-forming mode. For the implementation of the MPC, a relevant model of the grid is found by system identification. The identified model is then validated before its usage in the MPC. The simulation results show a better response to disturbances from AC grid and DC grid, as well as a better coordination in the management of the MMC internal energy and DC grid voltage compared to the commonly used dual PI structure.