Review on surgical management of diabetic macular edema

Literature review for surgical management for both tractional and non-tractional diabetic macular edema; with and without internal limiting membrane peeling. According to the DRCR prospective study, traction relaxation allowed vision gain and reduction in central foveal thickness in tractional diabetic macular edema. Also data from small scale and pilot studies about the role of pars plana vitrectomy for non-tractional CI-DME management, showed visual gain and edema resolution in both naive and refractory cases. It is concluded that pars plana vitrectomy has a role the management of DME; however, large scale trials are needed to define the role, optimum timing, and patients characteristics for the usage of vitrectomy in non-tractional DME management.