An overview on optimal control of renewable resources, methods and challenges

Due to the negative effects of fossil fuel consumption on the environment and the need to reduce emissions in the world, the use of renewable sources, which are widely available, cost-effective and long-lasting, has been increased worldwide. Most of Renewable energy sources (for example wind and solar energy) are alternating and oscillate according to the weather conditions. Therefore, the uncertainty of energy generation by them threatens the security and reliability of the electrical power grid, and the control of the renewable resources is essential in order to improve the power grid performance. Optimal control of renewable resources enables the power grid to respond to load demand adequately at any time and it increases system reliability. The purpose of this study is to review the existing methods for optimal control of these resources and discuss the challenges that exist to control these resources in the field of sustainable development. This paper reviews the latest research in this field with the aim of helping to achieve sustainable development and smart cities and is a useful source for researchers and energy strategy planners.