在俄罗斯全面入侵乌克兰后,南欧国家支持乌克兰的方式

Grygoriy Riy
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本文旨在回顾南欧国家(意大利、西班牙、葡萄牙和希腊)政府对2022年2月24日俄罗斯全面入侵乌克兰的反应,这是基于对国家当局和大众媒体的研究、分析论文和官方报告的分析。这一主题的覆盖范围是通过充分探索南欧各国政府在支持乌克兰与俄罗斯军队斗争中的关键方法的必要性来解释的,以及使用比较和跨国方法发现一些新的观点。它被定义为“南欧”一词,并概述了该地区国家的主要史学解释。在描述南欧国家的特点时,更倾向于采用务实的方法。分析了乌克兰-意大利、乌克兰-西班牙、乌克兰-葡萄牙和乌克兰-希腊关系的中心研究,以及研究中使用的官方报告和大众媒体。报告还分析和比较了南欧各国政府在尊严革命、非法吞并克里米亚和2014年顿巴斯战争爆发后对乌克兰的支持态度与俄罗斯在2022年2月24日全面入侵后的国际反应。总的来说,意大利、西班牙、葡萄牙和希腊政府完全改变了在战争中支持或不支持乌克兰的政策。如果说2014年之后,他们试图在外交政策活动中务实地切断与俄罗斯联邦的关系,那么在2022年全面入侵乌克兰之后,他们强烈谴责普京政权,并同意在军事和财政能力范围内向乌克兰提供援助。研究发现,南欧国家在大西洋(通过北约)和欧洲(通过欧盟)层面以及国家层面提供了援助。南欧各国的国防部长都是“拉姆施泰因”会议的成员之一,该会议协调了向乌克兰提供军事援助的事宜。到目前为止,该地区各国优先提供人道主义援助、财政援助和致命武器援助(但不是重型武器),并接受了大量乌克兰难民。具体的例子说明了在每一级提供的援助。否则,俄罗斯对国内政策、民族民粹主义政党以及政府或议会单个成员的影响力仍然很强。例如,今年仲夏发生的意大利政府危机,就是总理马里奥·德拉吉(Mario Draghi)坚定不移地支持乌克兰,这一不受欢迎的强硬立场的结果。该地区各国还将俄乌战争视为加强其在地中海影响力的机会。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Approaches of Southern European countries in supporting Ukraine after the full-scale Russian invasion
The article is devoted to reviewing the government’s response of Southern European countries (Italy, Spain, Portugal and Greece) to the full-scale invasion of Russia in Ukraine on 24 February 2022, which is based on the analysis of the researches, analytical papers, and official reports of the state authorities and mass media. Coverage of this topic is explained by the necessity of the full exploration of the Sothern European governments’ key approaches in supporting Ukraine in the struggle with the Russian army, as well as, discovering some new perspectives, using the comparative and transnational methodology. It is defined the term “Southern Europe”, and also outlined the main historiographical interpretations of the countries of the region. Preference is given to a pragmatic approach for characterising the countries of Southern Europe. The central studies of Ukrainian-Italian, Ukrainian-Spanish, Ukrainian-Portuguese and Ukrainian-Greek relations, official reports and mass media used in the study are analysed. It also analyses and compares the changing Southern European governments’ attitudes towards their supporting Ukraine after the Revolution of Dignity, the illegal annexation of Crimea, and the beginning of war in Donbas in 2014, with the united international response after the full-scale Russian invasion on 24 February 2022. In general, the governments of Italy, Spain, Portugal and Greece changed completely their policy of supporting or non-supporting Ukraine in the war. If after 2014 they tried to be pragmatic in the question of cutting ties with the Russian Federation in their foreign policy activity, then after the full-scale invasion in 2022 they strongly condemned Putin’s regime and agreed to provide assistance to Ukraine to the extent of their military and financial capabilities. The study found that the assistance of Southern European countries has been provided on the Atlantic (through NATO) and European (through EU) levels, as well as national. Defence ministers of the governments of Southern Europe are among the members of the “Ramstein” meetings, where the provision of military aid to Ukraine is coordinated. The countries of the region have so far given priority to humanitarian, financial aid and lethal weapons assistance (but not heavy ones), and have also accepted a large number of Ukrainian refugees. The assistance provided at each of the levels is illustrated by specific examples. Otherwise, Russian influence on domestic policy, national populistic parties and single members of the government or parliament is still strong. For instance, the Italian governmental crisis that happened in the mid-summer was the result of the unpopular and strong position of the prime minister Mario Draghi in his unwavering support of Ukraine. The countries of the region also see the Russian-Ukrainian war as an opportunity for them to strengthen their influence in the Mediterranean.
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