J. Jonasson, Elchanan Mossel, Y. Peres
{"title":"依赖随机环境中的渗透","authors":"J. Jonasson, Elchanan Mossel, Y. Peres","doi":"10.1002/1098-2418(200007)16:4%3C333::AID-RSA3%3E3.0.CO;2-C","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Draw planes in R3 that are orthogonal to the x axis, and intersect the x axis at the points of a Poisson process with intensity λ; similarly, draw planes orthogonal to the y and z axes using independent Poisson processes (with the same intensity). Taken together, these planes naturally define a randomly stretched rectangular lattice. Consider bond percolation on this lattice where each edge of length is open with probability e−, and these events are independent given the edge lengths. We show that this model exhibits a phase transition: for large enough λ there is an infinite open cluster a.s., and for small λ all open clusters are finite a.s. We prove this result using the method of paths with exponential intersection tails, which is not applicable in two dimensions. The question whether the analogous process in the plane exhibits a phase transition is open. Disciplines Statistics and Probability This journal article is available at ScholarlyCommons: https://repository.upenn.edu/statistics_papers/434 ! \" # $ $ &% '( )* %+ , -/.1032/45-/.1432/676 .14 8 9;:<0=2/432/4?>?.1676 @A9 B,CEDF2/9HG#@AI @A6 J 032/9;KL@MI76ON 4=PQD1@AI 6 PQR ST./U#V#@A:<0=4=.19W.1X/S(2F4=Y5Z*@M[=I7@A\\]N*4=PWD/@MI76 PWR S^./U -/@AI C=6 2/9;@AK _3@M[=I7C32/I`S(aEbdc/e/e1e f*gEh7i`j<kmlni o#prqtsvuxwyqnzm{7| }~zO \u0085xq qnp\u0085{HApmnAnzxqnw\u0085 m{ q<}|`MqzxO}~zM\u0085{7p|\u0085{7 d\u0085x{ q}y| q< \u0085m{&u/n}yzM|dqO=n}||Az ump { |\u0085|sH}~\u0085}yzM\u0085{7zx|}~ 1|}y}~wqpwynFmpqts5umwqzm{ |Hnp\u0085\u0085mAnAzxqw \u0085&m{qzx ¡q{7| ¢x|}yzm }~zxm{`u/{`zx{7zMH=A}y||\u0085nzump {7||\u0085{7|£QsH}¤*m{|\u0085qn¡{¥}yzA{`zx|\u0085}~¦ § ̈ qn©n{`z(\u0085nA{ m{`p H\u0085x{7|\u0085{aumwqzx{7| zxq<¢mpqnw~wyT{ «Fzm{ q prqzxAw~T|\u0085p{ rx{7Tp{7 qzxn¢mwqp wyq\u0085} {A§ ¬ nzF|}{`p FAzx®u/{`pr Awyq\u0085}ynz ̄nz®m}|,wq<\u0085\u0085} {*sHx{`p{O{7qAr®{7A{O wy{`zmn\u0085®°}| nu/{`z¡sH}¤¡uxp\u0085Axqm}ywy}¤,±A2F3`Aqnzx \u0085m{ |{{` ́A{`zM|3qnp\u0085{}yzx{7uF{7zx{`zMdA}~ ́A{`z \u0085m{H{ n{wy{`zmn\u0085x|7§ μa{¥|m<svxq< \u0085m}|d{`w/{ m}ym}~| q&umFqn|\u0085{H\u0085prqzx|\u0085}~\u0085}ynz ¶· ̧np wyqnp\u0085A{H{`zmA¢mn*O\u0085m{7p\u0085{#}y| qz }~z«Fzm}¤{,AuF{7z wy¢x|{`p¥qm§ |`§yFqnzx$ ̧np|\u0085qwywEaqwyw·AuF{7z wy¢x|{`pr| qp{«xzm}~\u0085{¡qm§ |`§μ {,ump< ́n{ \u0085m}| p{7|\u0085¢mw¤&¢F|}yzm \u0085x{O{ \u0085x1 ̄n ox»<1⁄4 ̧1⁄2M3⁄4O¿3ÀÁ1⁄4 ̧1⁄2 Â\u0085à oxÄ<Å/Â`Åx1⁄4;ÀQ»<Æ ÀÁÅx1⁄4Ç Èr3⁄4`ÂrÉ 1⁄4;ÀQÄ<Å 1⁄4Ê»ÀÁÆË3⁄4 =sHm}yr ̄}| zmqumumwy}`qxw~{ }~zÌs $}~{7zx|}ynzF|`§ ̈m{¡ÍA¢x{7|\u0085}ynzsHm{`\u0085m{7p¥\u0085m{qzxqnw~AnA¢x|Hump {7||#}~z \u0085m{ umwqzx{¥{`m}~x}¤r| q¡umxqn|\u0085{¥\u0085prqzx|\u0085}~\u0085}ynz$}y|AuF{7z § Î Ï ÐÑEÒ3ÓOÔÕ Ö Ñ3× Ó Ð ØdÙ<ÚÜÛÞÝàßáHâ ã äå=Ùvæèçé`æ1ê ë3ì&æí îðï ñòê ê=ómï Ù®Ú ë æ1Ú Ú ëòÙvÙîòçÙï ̄æ1é Ù^ô ̧æ1å=ÙôÁÙîöõ,÷ ̧Ú ë\"ß;ê=ómï ï ÷Áå ôÁø îòÙ<ê=Ùí îòÙíFÚ7äOé`æí îòómùûú1æ1é`÷ ̧æ1å·ôÁÙïÌüýþnÿnþ #ìÚ æ /÷ ̧í çvú1æô ̧ñòÙï$÷ ̧í 1â TÙ <æô ̧ô¥Ú ëòÙ tómô ̧ôÁÙ tÚ ÷ ̧ómí üý þ ÿ þ Ú ëòÙ ! \" # $mìæí î% tómí ï ÷ ̧îòÙ<é ÷ ̧í îòÙ<ê=Ùí îòÙíFÚ êEÙ<é& tómô ̧æ1Ú ÷Áómí3ì$ü ' þ ÿ þ( ìO÷Qí Ú ëòÙ é`æí î ómù Ùíxú1÷Áé ómí·ùÙíxÚüý þ ÿ) +* óé ÙOê é`Ù <÷ ̧ï ÙôÁøaõ#Ù*î óÚ ëòÙ-,WómôQôÁónõ,÷Qíòç/. 021 æ Ù*æÌï æùê·ôÁÙó3, Ú ëòÙOú1æ1é`÷ ̧æ1å ôÁÙï¡üý þ ÿ æ3 4 tóé7î ÷ ̧íòçÚ óaÚ ëòÙ÷Áé!5 óm÷ ̧íxÚ&î·÷ ̧ï Ú é`÷Áå ñòÚ ÷Áómí6 087 Ù<Ú Ùæ3 `ë ÙîòçÙóê=Ùíèß:9<;>=?;A@3ï Ù<ÚB' þ ÝC nä¥õ,÷ÁÚ ë ̄ê·é óå·æ1å·÷ ̧ôQ÷ÁÚøý þ æí î <ôÁómï Ùîèß:9D;D= ;Qì/' þ Ý xä óÚ ëòÙ<é õ,÷ ̧ï Ùì ÷ ̧í îòÙ<ê=Ùí îòÙíFÚ ôÁøE,;óé,æô ̧ô=ÙîòçÙï FHG # I # JLK<J M =4N¥Û ÝPORQTSVU WYX Z%[/;]\\ ^ =VW =_=(`39 a N>aEbdcLe f_g(=4Wih·ßDX1äkjl ma&eLnV^]N>^#b3No9 Spb3c =VcIq?9>WrU cIfs=4cIN#üý þ ÿ þ( t#u aVb)ND9va>wx= a y z|{ ï ñ ê þ E} ý ~6 þ j8h·ßDX1ä(~6 y{\u0085 U Wb cLsU W 9<=4cIN= - b3N>^s9 c O Q b3c _b cI_n(U >A=(n ND9<U c]US8 9 a ND9>c n?N= #= a ü(1ÿ U cm+@ N>^ =pn(U W W = a /U c 9>cdq b W 9Dbg4A=VaOüý þD ÿ b W =9 c =/=4c =4cIN ; N>^ =4cb);aV;@6N>^/=VW == `)9vaVN>ab cE9>c wcI9>N=oU3W&9 =VcIN=(x/=4Wrn&U Ab3ND9DU3c n e#a N=4W ¡^9Dn4^9vaxNDWrb cLa&9 =VcIN3S4U W+a&9>f A= Wb c )U f¢ +b £ ; ß 1 ëòÙÌóé`÷ÁÙíFÚ Ùî <ô ̧ñ ï Ú Ù<é*ó3, æ®úÙ<é Ú ÙV¤ ¥^÷ ̧ïÚ ë ÙÌñ í ÷Áómí(ó3,æôQôHóê=ÙíTóé`÷ÁÙíFÚ Ùî(ê·æ1Ú ë·ïOÙùæí æ1Ú ÷Qíòç ,;é ómù¦¥I ~ä L JLK 9 q3=Vc j 2j @-n&U c/a&9<=4Wmb]Wb c )U f =4cLq?9>WU cLf_=VcINka4b3ND9va>S& 9>c N>^ = 9 c =:/=Vc =Vc n =n&U c 9DND9<U c dUrSpN>^ =_N>^ = U3W=4f@a&eLnV^\u0085N>^#b3N _ ý þ Ý S4U W 1â Yb c ã;! S_X Z [ b c #\" ßr %$ h·ßDX1ä ä(~64@EN>^/=Vc%b);aV;N>^ =VW = =(`39 a N>a]b NDWb c/a 9<=4cIN_U W 9<=4cIN= /=4Wrn&U b)ND9DU c n4 e#a N=VW4; T 6 '&)( } ý ~6 þ Ý * +-, ~6. , ~6 X , Ý/ 01ß1 2$ nä âï ó tómí î·÷ÁÚ ÷Áómí ß 3äë ómô ̧î ïOê·é ónú1÷ ̧îòÙîèÚ ë æ1Ú 2\" ßr 4$ h ßDX/ä ä(~64 5 6 ómí·ï ÷ ̧îòÙ<é!X÷ ̧í îòÙ<ê=Ùí îòÙíFÚ87 óm÷ ̧ï ï ómí$ê=óm÷ ̧íFÚdê é ó tÙï ï Ùï õ,÷ ̧Ú ëOê·æ1é`æùÙ<Ú Ù<é 1 ëòÙX:9 ,WómôQî 6 æ1é`Ú Ù;9 ï ÷ ̧æíÜê é ó1î ñL tÚ ó3,Ú ëòÙï ÙOê=óm÷ ̧íFÚê é ó tÙï ï Ùï<ì·õ,÷ÁÚ ë®Ú ëòÙ ï Ú æí î æ1é`îÜê é ó1î ñL tÚ æî 5 æ3 tÙíL tø®é Ùô ̧æ1Ú ÷Áómídì ÷ ̧ï æ^çé`æ1ê·ë ÷ ̧ï ómùóé ê·ë ÷v Ú ó O Q Ú ë æ1Úõ#Ù ̄é Ù4,;Ù<éÚ ó(æïæ=< a NDW =4N n4^ = \"Ab3N<ND9Dn =?> 7 Ù<Úæí ÙîòçÙ| ̄ó3, ôÁÙíòçÚ ëA@ þ óê=Ùíõ,÷ ̧Ú ëê é óå æ1å·÷ ̧ô ̧÷ÁÚ\u0085ø*ý þ ÝðÙV¤/ê ßB$C@ þ ä7ì/÷ ̧í·îòÙ<ê=Ùí îòÙíFÚ ôÁø,;óé#æô ̧ô·ÙîòçÙï#çm÷ÁúÙíÌÚ ë Ù÷Áé ôÁÙíòçÚ ë·ï4 7 ÷QíL tÙD _ ýþ E ÝF _ @#þ ZûôÁóç ßr G0 ä Ý 1ì 6 óé ómôQô ̧æ1é ø IH5æ1ê ê·ô ̧÷ÁÙïÌÚ ó?Ú ë·÷ ̧ï ê é ó tÙï ï4 KJrí 7 Ù tÚ ÷Áómí [Ìõ¥Ù$ê é ónúÙL7é óê=ómï ÷ÁÚ ÷Áómí][# 1ì3õ,ë ÷ 7ëLÚ óçÙ<Ú ëòÙ<é*õ,÷ÁÚ ë 6 óé ómô ̧ô ̧æ1é`ø\u0085 IH/ì ÙïM9 Ú æ1å·ô ̧÷Qï ëòÙïÚ ë æ1Ú*Ú ë ÷ ̧ïê=Ù<é( tómô ̧æ1Ú ÷ ̧ómíTê é ó tÙï ïOë æï æ®ê·ë æï Ù;9Ú é`æí ï ÷ÁÚ ÷ ̧ómíT÷ ̧íN OJÚ*÷ ̧ïOíòóÚ /íòóAõ,í(÷A, ï ñL 7ëèæLê·ë æï ÙÚ é7æí ï ÷ÁÚ ÷Áómí(ó# 4 <ñòé7ïT,;óéHX^ÝPHèßÊï Ù<Ù 6 ómí 5 Ù tÚ ñòé Ùm[# IHmä& 7 Ù<ÙRQ·çmñ é Ù| å=ÙôÁóAõl,;óé æ^ê·÷ tÚ ñ é Ùaó3, Ú ë ÷ ̧ï ê é`ó# tÙï ï ÷ ̧íSH^î ÷QùÙí ï ÷Áómí·ï4 1 ë ÷ ̧ï$ê·÷ tÚ ñ é Ùaõæï ê é ó1î ñL tÙî ñ ï`÷ ̧íòç^ï ó3,WÚ\u0085õ¥æ1é`Ù õ&é`÷ ̧Ú Ú Ùí®åFøT3 7 tómô ̧í ÷v tónú U WV X J (Y i [Z) W L$ > 8$ G \\ ^])_! D \" # a`? > a ' b`4$? $GZ G c_= /$ $ Z) Dd $ G ÝeHgfIh 1 ë ÙÜé Ùï Úó3,Ú ëòÙ ê·æ1ê=Ù<é÷ ̧ïóé çmæí·÷ji<Ùî æï,WómôQôÁónõ,ï 1 ëòÙ<óé Ùù L÷ ̧ïê é ónúÙîð÷ ̧í 7 Ù tÚ ÷ ̧ómí H?ú/÷QæèÚ ëòÙTùÙ<Ú ë ó/îðó3,*ê æ1Ú ë ï õ,÷ÁÚ ëek` /U c =Vc ND9Db l &c N=VW&a4= n?ND9DU3c \\Ib39 a ß m J 1 ä& 1 ë ÷ ̧ï ùÙ<Ú ëòó1î õæï ÷QíxÚ é ó1î ñL tÙî ÷ ̧í 6 ó ¤ æí·îonñòé é`Ù<Ú Ú\u0085 ph æï ̄æèÚ ó/ómôi,Wóé å=ómñ í î ÷ ̧í ç té`÷ÁÚ ÷ <æô,ê é óå·æ1å·÷Qô ̧÷ÁÚ ÷ÁÙï<ì æí î(î Ù<úÙôÁóê=Ùî\u0085,;ñòé`Ú ëòÙ<éåFø\\q¥Ùí 5 æùÌ÷ ̧í ÷Çìr7 ÙùæíFÚ ôÁÙÌæí îs7 Ù<é Ùï ÷ ̧í2 [ ìdõ,ëòó®ñ ï ÙîT÷ÁÚÚ ó®ê é óAúÙ Ú é`æí ï`÷ÁÙíL tÙó3,óé`÷ÁÙíFÚ Ùî <ô ̧ñ ï Ú Ù<é`ïo,;óé,÷< ÷< î6 1ê=Ù<é( tómô ̧æ1Ú ÷ ̧ómí6 Jrí 7 Ù tÚ ÷Áómís[¡õ¥Ù&æí æôÁøgi<Ù Ú ëòÙR< ï Ú é Ù<Ú 7ëòÙîô ̧æ1Ú Ú ÷v tÙt>OùÙíFÚ ÷ÁómíòÙîæ1å=ónúÙì/æí î ÷ ̧í 7 Ù tÚ ÷Áómívuõ¥Ù î ÷ ̧ï( <ñ ï ïæíòóÚ ëòÙ<é&æ1ê ê ô ̧÷ <æ1Ú ÷Áómí ó3, Ú ë ÙÚ ëòÙ<óé Ùù Ú óê é óAúÙÚ ëòÙÙV¤ò÷ ̧ï Ú ÙíL tÙó3,æ ê ë æï ÙÚ é`æí ï ÷ ̧Ú ÷Áómí6","PeriodicalId":303496,"journal":{"name":"Random Struct. Algorithms","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2000-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"12","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Percolation in a dependent random environment\",\"authors\":\"J. Jonasson, Elchanan Mossel, Y. Peres\",\"doi\":\"10.1002/1098-2418(200007)16:4%3C333::AID-RSA3%3E3.0.CO;2-C\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"Draw planes in R3 that are orthogonal to the x axis, and intersect the x axis at the points of a Poisson process with intensity λ; similarly, draw planes orthogonal to the y and z axes using independent Poisson processes (with the same intensity). Taken together, these planes naturally define a randomly stretched rectangular lattice. Consider bond percolation on this lattice where each edge of length is open with probability e−, and these events are independent given the edge lengths. We show that this model exhibits a phase transition: for large enough λ there is an infinite open cluster a.s., and for small λ all open clusters are finite a.s. We prove this result using the method of paths with exponential intersection tails, which is not applicable in two dimensions. The question whether the analogous process in the plane exhibits a phase transition is open. Disciplines Statistics and Probability This journal article is available at ScholarlyCommons: https://repository.upenn.edu/statistics_papers/434 ! \\\" # $ $ &% '( )* %+ , -/.1032/45-/.1432/676 .14 8 9;:<0=2/432/4?>?.1676 @A9 B,CEDF2/9HG#@AI @A6 J 032/9;KL@MI76ON 4=PQD1@AI 6 PQR ST./U#V#@A:<0=4=.19W.1X/S(2F4=Y5Z*@M[=I7@A\\\\]N*4=PWD/@MI76 PWR S^./U -/@AI C=6 2/9;@AK _3@M[=I7C32/I`S(aEbdc/e/e1e f*gEh7i`j<kmlni o#prqtsvuxwyqnzm{7| }~zO \\u0085xq qnp\\u0085{HApmnAnzxqnw\\u0085 m{ q<}|`MqzxO}~zM\\u0085{7p|\\u0085{7 d\\u0085x{ q}y| q< \\u0085m{&u/n}yzM|dqO=n}||Az ump { |\\u0085|sH}~\\u0085}yzM\\u0085{7zx|}~ 1|}y}~wqpwynFmpqts5umwqzm{ |Hnp\\u0085\\u0085mAnAzxqw \\u0085&m{qzx ¡q{7| ¢x|}yzm }~zxm{`u/{`zx{7zMH=A}y||\\u0085nzump {7||\\u0085{7|£QsH}¤*m{|\\u0085qn¡{¥}yzA{`zx|\\u0085}~¦ § ̈ qn©n{`z(\\u0085nA{ m{`p H\\u0085x{7|\\u0085{aumwqzx{7| zxq<¢mpqnw~wyT{ «Fzm{ q prqzxAw~T|\\u0085p{ rx{7Tp{7 qzxn¢mwqp wyq\\u0085} {A§ ¬ nzF|}{`p FAzx®u/{`pr Awyq\\u0085}ynz ̄nz®m}|,wq<\\u0085\\u0085} {*sHx{`p{O{7qAr®{7A{O wy{`zmn\\u0085®°}| nu/{`z¡sH}¤¡uxp\\u0085Axqm}ywy}¤,±A2F3`Aqnzx \\u0085m{ |{{` ́A{`zM|3qnp\\u0085{}yzx{7uF{7zx{`zMdA}~ ́A{`z \\u0085m{H{ n{wy{`zmn\\u0085x|7§ μa{¥|m<svxq< \\u0085m}|d{`w/{ m}ym}~| q&umFqn|\\u0085{H\\u0085prqzx|\\u0085}~\\u0085}ynz ¶· ̧np wyqnp\\u0085A{H{`zmA¢mn*O\\u0085m{7p\\u0085{#}y| qz }~z«Fzm}¤{,AuF{7z wy¢x|{`p¥qm§ |`§yFqnzx$ ̧np|\\u0085qwywEaqwyw·AuF{7z wy¢x|{`pr| qp{«xzm}~\\u0085{¡qm§ |`§μ {,ump< ́n{ \\u0085m}| p{7|\\u0085¢mw¤&¢F|}yzm \\u0085x{O{ \\u0085x1 ̄n ox»<1⁄4 ̧1⁄2M3⁄4O¿3ÀÁ1⁄4 ̧1⁄2 Â\\u0085à oxÄ<Å/Â`Åx1⁄4;ÀQ»<Æ ÀÁÅx1⁄4Ç Èr3⁄4`ÂrÉ 1⁄4;ÀQÄ<Å 1⁄4Ê»ÀÁÆË3⁄4 =sHm}yr ̄}| zmqumumwy}`qxw~{ }~zÌs $}~{7zx|}ynzF|`§ ̈m{¡ÍA¢x{7|\\u0085}ynzsHm{`\\u0085m{7p¥\\u0085m{qzxqnw~AnA¢x|Hump {7||#}~z \\u0085m{ umwqzx{¥{`m}~x}¤r| q¡umxqn|\\u0085{¥\\u0085prqzx|\\u0085}~\\u0085}ynz$}y|AuF{7z § Î Ï ÐÑEÒ3ÓOÔÕ Ö Ñ3× Ó Ð ØdÙ<ÚÜÛÞÝàßáHâ ã äå=Ùvæèçé`æ1ê ë3ì&æí îðï ñòê ê=ómï Ù®Ú ë æ1Ú Ú ëòÙvÙîòçÙï ̄æ1é Ù^ô ̧æ1å=ÙôÁÙîöõ,÷ ̧Ú ë\\\"ß;ê=ómï ï ÷Áå ôÁø îòÙ<ê=Ùí îòÙíFÚ7äOé`æí îòómùûú1æ1é`÷ ̧æ1å·ôÁÙïÌüýþnÿnþ #ìÚ æ /÷ ̧í çvú1æô ̧ñòÙï$÷ ̧í 1â TÙ <æô ̧ô¥Ú ëòÙ tómô ̧ôÁÙ tÚ ÷ ̧ómí üý þ ÿ þ Ú ëòÙ ! \\\" # $mìæí î% tómí ï ÷ ̧îòÙ<é ÷ ̧í îòÙ<ê=Ùí îòÙíFÚ êEÙ<é& tómô ̧æ1Ú ÷Áómí3ì$ü ' þ ÿ þ( ìO÷Qí Ú ëòÙ é`æí î ómù Ùíxú1÷Áé ómí·ùÙíxÚüý þ ÿ) +* óé ÙOê é`Ù <÷ ̧ï ÙôÁøaõ#Ù*î óÚ ëòÙ-,WómôQôÁónõ,÷Qíòç/. 021 æ Ù*æÌï æùê·ôÁÙó3, Ú ëòÙOú1æ1é`÷ ̧æ1å ôÁÙï¡üý þ ÿ æ3 4 tóé7î ÷ ̧íòçÚ óaÚ ëòÙ÷Áé!5 óm÷ ̧íxÚ&î·÷ ̧ï Ú é`÷Áå ñòÚ ÷Áómí6 087 Ù<Ú Ùæ3 `ë ÙîòçÙóê=Ùíèß:9<;>=?;A@3ï Ù<ÚB' þ ÝC nä¥õ,÷ÁÚ ë ̄ê·é óå·æ1å·÷ ̧ôQ÷ÁÚøý þ æí î <ôÁómï Ùîèß:9D;D= ;Qì/' þ Ý xä óÚ ëòÙ<é õ,÷ ̧ï Ùì ÷ ̧í îòÙ<ê=Ùí îòÙíFÚ ôÁøE,;óé,æô ̧ô=ÙîòçÙï FHG # I # JLK<J M =4N¥Û ÝPORQTSVU WYX Z%[/;]\\\\ ^ =VW =_=(`39 a N>aEbdcLe f_g(=4Wih·ßDX1äkjl ma&eLnV^]N>^#b3No9 Spb3c =VcIq?9>WrU cIfs=4cIN#üý þ ÿ þ( t#u aVb)ND9va>wx= a y z|{ ï ñ ê þ E} ý ~6 þ j8h·ßDX1ä(~6 y{\\u0085 U Wb cLsU W 9<=4cIN= - b3N>^s9 c O Q b3c _b cI_n(U >A=(n ND9<U c]US8 9 a ND9>c n?N= #= a ü(1ÿ U cm+@ N>^ =pn(U W W = a /U c 9>cdq b W 9Dbg4A=VaOüý þD ÿ b W =9 c =/=4c =4cIN ; N>^ =4cb);aV;@6N>^/=VW == `)9vaVN>ab cE9>c wcI9>N=oU3W&9 =VcIN=(x/=4Wrn&U Ab3ND9DU3c n e#a N=4W ¡^9Dn4^9vaxNDWrb cLa&9 =VcIN3S4U W+a&9>f A= Wb c )U f¢ +b £ ; ß 1 ëòÙÌóé`÷ÁÙíFÚ Ùî <ô ̧ñ ï Ú Ù<é*ó3, æ®úÙ<é Ú ÙV¤ ¥^÷ ̧ïÚ ë ÙÌñ í ÷Áómí(ó3,æôQôHóê=ÙíTóé`÷ÁÙíFÚ Ùî(ê·æ1Ú ë·ïOÙùæí æ1Ú ÷Qíòç ,;é ómù¦¥I ~ä L JLK 9 q3=Vc j 2j @-n&U c/a&9<=4Wmb]Wb c )U f =4cLq?9>WU cLf_=VcINka4b3ND9va>S& 9>c N>^ = 9 c =:/=Vc =Vc n =n&U c 9DND9<U c dUrSpN>^ =_N>^ = U3W=4f@a&eLnV^\\u0085N>^#b3N _ ý þ Ý S4U W 1â Yb c ã;! 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D \\\" # a`? > a ' b`4$? $GZ G c_= /$ $ Z) Dd $ G ÝeHgfIh 1 ë ÙÜé Ùï Úó3,Ú ëòÙ ê·æ1ê=Ù<é÷ ̧ïóé çmæí·÷ji<Ùî æï,WómôQôÁónõ,ï 1 ëòÙ<óé Ùù L÷ ̧ïê é ónúÙîð÷ ̧í 7 Ù tÚ ÷ ̧ómí H?ú/÷QæèÚ ëòÙTùÙ<Ú ë ó/îðó3,*ê æ1Ú ë ï õ,÷ÁÚ ëek` /U c =Vc ND9Db l &c N=VW&a4= n?ND9DU3c \\\\Ib39 a ß m J 1 ä& 1 ë ÷ ̧ï ùÙ<Ú ëòó1î õæï ÷QíxÚ é ó1î ñL tÙî ÷ ̧í 6 ó ¤ æí·îonñòé é`Ù<Ú Ú\\u0085 ph æï ̄æèÚ ó/ómôi,Wóé å=ómñ í î ÷ ̧í ç té`÷ÁÚ ÷ <æô,ê é óå·æ1å·÷Qô ̧÷ÁÚ ÷ÁÙï<ì æí î(î Ù<úÙôÁóê=Ùî\\u0085,;ñòé`Ú ëòÙ<éåFø\\\\q¥Ùí 5 æùÌ÷ ̧í ÷Çìr7 ÙùæíFÚ ôÁÙÌæí îs7 Ù<é Ùï ÷ ̧í2 [ ìdõ,ëòó®ñ ï ÙîT÷ÁÚÚ ó®ê é óAúÙ Ú é`æí ï`÷ÁÙíL tÙó3,óé`÷ÁÙíFÚ Ùî <ô ̧ñ ï Ú Ù<é`ïo,;óé,÷< ÷< î6 1ê=Ù<é( tómô ̧æ1Ú ÷ ̧ómí6 Jrí 7 Ù tÚ ÷Áómís[¡õ¥Ù&æí æôÁøgi<Ù Ú ëòÙR< ï Ú é Ù<Ú 7ëòÙîô ̧æ1Ú Ú ÷v tÙt>OùÙíFÚ ÷ÁómíòÙîæ1å=ónúÙì/æí î ÷ ̧í 7 Ù tÚ ÷Áómívuõ¥Ù î ÷ ̧ï( <ñ ï ïæíòóÚ ëòÙ<é&æ1ê ê ô ̧÷ <æ1Ú ÷Áómí ó3, Ú ë ÙÚ ëòÙ<óé Ùù Ú óê é óAúÙÚ ëòÙÙV¤ò÷ ̧ï Ú ÙíL tÙó3,æ ê ë æï ÙÚ é`æí ï ÷ ̧Ú ÷Áómí6\",\"PeriodicalId\":303496,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Random Struct. 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引用次数: 12
Percolation in a dependent random environment
Draw planes in R3 that are orthogonal to the x axis, and intersect the x axis at the points of a Poisson process with intensity λ; similarly, draw planes orthogonal to the y and z axes using independent Poisson processes (with the same intensity). Taken together, these planes naturally define a randomly stretched rectangular lattice. Consider bond percolation on this lattice where each edge of length is open with probability e−, and these events are independent given the edge lengths. We show that this model exhibits a phase transition: for large enough λ there is an infinite open cluster a.s., and for small λ all open clusters are finite a.s. We prove this result using the method of paths with exponential intersection tails, which is not applicable in two dimensions. The question whether the analogous process in the plane exhibits a phase transition is open. Disciplines Statistics and Probability This journal article is available at ScholarlyCommons: https://repository.upenn.edu/statistics_papers/434 ! " # $ $ &% '( )* %+ , -/.1032/45-/.1432/676 .14 8 9;:<0=2/432/4?>?.1676 @A9 B,CEDF2/9HG#@AI @A6 J 032/9;KL@MI76ON 4=PQD1@AI 6 PQR ST./U#V#@A:<0=4=.19W.1X/S(2F4=Y5Z*@M[=I7@A\]N*4=PWD/@MI76 PWR S^./U -/@AI C=6 2/9;@AK _3@M[=I7C32/I`S(aEbdc/e/e1e f*gEh7i`j=?;A@3ï Ù<ÚB' þ ÝC nä¥õ,÷ÁÚ ë ̄ê·é óå·æ1å·÷ ̧ôQ÷ÁÚøý þ æí î <ôÁómï Ùîèß:9D;D= ;Qì/' þ Ý xä óÚ ëòÙ<é õ,÷ ̧ï Ùì ÷ ̧í îòÙ<ê=Ùí îòÙíFÚ ôÁøE,;óé,æô ̧ô=ÙîòçÙï FHG # I # JLKaEbdcLe f_g(=4Wih·ßDX1äkjl ma&eLnV^]N>^#b3No9 Spb3c =VcIq?9>WrU cIfs=4cIN#üý þ ÿ þ( t#u aVb)ND9va>wx= a y z|{ ï ñ ê þ E} ý ~6 þ j8h·ßDX1ä(~6 y{
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