Artificial Intelligence and the Future of Work

This article analyses how artificial intelligence (AI) can transform work, considering both the potential of this technology and its limits. The sectoral approach adopted, focusing on the health, transport and banking sectors, allows for a detailed analysis of both the opportunities and risks as well as the evolution of tasks, learning dynamics, and changes in working conditions and management practices. The analysis shows that the tasks making up jobs in these sectors cannot always be automated with AI and that in many cases AI-based devices are used in a way that is complimentary to the skills of human workers. For this reason, and irrespective of the impact of AI on the overall level of employment, the analysis shows that the deployment of AI depends on continuous learning and skills development. The article concludes by arguing that learning forms of work organization are best suited for fostering complementarity between the machine and the human.JEL classification: O31, O33, JE53, L63, L90, M15.