Generation of arbitrary lattice pattern in the strong focusing of light field via image skeletonization and Debye diffraction

Phase technology is widely utilized in the field of optics. By applying phase technology, the required pattern can be obtained by remodeling the light field in the focal area of the objective lens, which has significant value in laser manufacturing, biomedicine and optical imaging. Gerchberg-Saxton algorithm is commonly used in imaging systems to restructure the light field, which is achieved by converting light intensity distribution of the Fourier plane optical field into the phase distribution on the focal plane through the inverse Fourier transform. Nevertheless, for a high numerical aperture objective lens, the accuracy of the relationship between the phase and the intensity of the light field may be compromised by depolarization effects, which causes the Fourier transform unable to accurately generate the required lattice pattern from the known light intensity distribution. To obtain the intensity of the light field and phase information during the optical transmission process from the rear focal plane to the front focal plane of the objective lens, we utilize the Debye diffraction in place of the Fourier transform in the Gerchberg-Saxton algorithm. Image skeletonization is a morphology-based image processing technology used to extract the backbone structure and shape information in the image, which extracts the main structure of the image and generates a more simplified representation by eliminating redundant information in the image. Image skeletonization technology has applications in many fields, including computer vision and medical image processing, among others. In this paper, we demonstrated the generation of lattice patterns from arbitrary images in the strong focusing of light field using Debye diffraction theory and image skeletonization technology.