美国科罗拉多州Lyons地区Niobrara组下白垩系烃源岩地球化学与古生态综合评价方法

L. K. Barlow
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引用次数: 0

摘要

对下Niobrara组(上Turonian—下Coniacian)进行了古生态、地球化学和稳定同位素特征的详细研究,以评价烃源岩潜力,并了解影响有机碳含量变化的过程。下Niobrara组有机碳含量最高的是烟山页岩下部单元。生物扰动程度、有机碳含量和碳酸盐氧同位素比值的变化趋势表明,古气候因素影响了该单元沉积时期的底水环境。下部页岩单元中氧同位素负比值的增加被解释为由于淡水输入增加和气候变暖导致地表水盐度降低的结果。由此产生的水柱分层限制了底栖生物的氧合作用,从而限制了底栖生物的活动,增强了海洋有机质的保存,并增加了烃源岩的石油潜力。来自下Niobrara组下伏和上覆单元的数据表明,海底环境更为正常,含氧良好,生物扰动水平正常,有机碳含量相对较低。热解数据被解释为主要反映了由于生物扰动和热演化而发生实质性变化的海洋有机质来源。里昂剖面的热成熟度升高被推断为一种局部特征,这是由断层带流体运动或第三纪断层侵位引起的局部加热引起的。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
An Integrated Geochemical and Paleoecological Approach to Petroleum Source Rock Evaluation, Lower Niobrara Formation (Cretaceous), Lyons, Colorado
A detailed study of paleoecological, geochemical, and stable isotopic properties of the lower Niobrara Formation (upper Turonian to lower Coniacian) was undertaken in order to evaluate petroleum source rock potential and to gain an understanding of the processes affecting variation in organic carbon content. The highest organic carbon contents In the lower Niobrara Formation occur in the lower shale unit of the Smoky Hill Shale Membel Trends in extent of bioturbation, organic carbon contents, and oxygen isotopic ratios of carbonates suggest that paleoclimatic factors influenced bottom water environments during deposition of this unit. A shift toward a more negative oxygen isotopic ratio in the lower shale unit is interpreted to be a result of decreased surface water salinity due to increased fresh water input and possibly to climatic warming. Resultant stratification of the water column limited benthic oxygenation thereby limiting benthic activity, enhancing the preservation of marine organic matter, and increasing source rock potential for petroleum. Data from underlying and overlying units in the lower Niobrara Formation suggest more normal marine conditions with well-oxygenated bottom waters, normal levels of bioturbation, and relatively low organic carbon contents. Pyrolysis data are interpreted to reflect a principally marine source of organic matter with substantial alteration due to bioturbation and thermal evolution. Elevated thermal maturity of the section at Lyons is inferred to be a local feature caused by local heating associated with fluid movement along fault zones or with emplacement of Tertiary sills.
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