Религиозная жизнь в Болгарии в освещении российской периодики 1907–1914 гг.

It is noted that after the defeat of the first Russian revolution, the political course of the Cadet Party in respect to the conditions of the Third-of-June Regime was established at its congress in October 1907. In the decisions of that Congress the idea stood out that to the Liberal opposition it was necessary to adapt to the counter-revolution 'victories'. However, the authorities would not tolerate even such an "opposition". Therefore, the repressions, that the tsarist government started towards the revolutionary-democratic forces, affected the liberal camp during the repression period as well. It is indicated that particularly clearly the decline of the cadet organizations became apparent in the periphery, where the arbitrariness of the authorities at times reached the extreme limits. In Siberia, even at the first sign of the onset of the repressions the cadets ranks began to thin out rapidly, and soon the permanently operating divisions of the Cadet Party, in fact, ceased to exist there. Part of the former members of the local departments of the Cadet party, not satisfied with the situation, made attempts in the period of the reaction to consolidate their supporters, using as a cover cultural, educational, scientific, technical and other legal societies of Siberian intelligentsia. However, such societies were not very popular among the liberal intelligentsia and the business bourgeoisie. With the collapse of Stolypin's policy of "appeasement " and the deepening of the Third-of-June Regime's political crisis, the oppositional mood began to grow among the liberal bourgeoisie again. In Siberia the revival of political activity of the liberal opposition, observed during the period of a new revolutionary upsurge of 1910 1914 years, has been used by the Cadets primarily for organizational activity expansion towards the creation of Societies of inhabitants and voters. Such Societies were established in 1909, and in 1910 they already existed in all major Siberia cities. The attempts of the Cadet intellectuals to vest those Societies of inhabitants and voters with sort of control functions over the work of town councils, to intervene in the selection process arouse, as a rule, discontent of the enfranchised bourgeoisie and its representatives in the elected city institutions. Tsarist administration in Siberia, that supported distrust of "city fathers" to the Societies of inhabitants and voters, was making a variety of obstacles to their activity. In the second half of 1910 Societies of inhabitants and voters were closed by the administration everywhere. In 1912, in connection with approaching elections into the IVth State Duma, the active part of the Liberals made an attempt to restore the permanent Cadet Party departments in major cities of the region. In Siberia the Liberals tried to restore the cadet organizations in Tomsk, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Chita and Verkhneudinsk. However, the revival of institutional activity of the Cadets was short-lived. In autumn 1912, after the end of the election campaign into the IVth Duma, the organizational centers of the Liberals in Siberia, that started to form, ceased to exist, not having shaped in permanent divisions of the Cadet party. The conclusion was made that the almost complete lack of shaped, continuously operating organizations, the evident apathy of the majority of the Liberals to a systematic organizational work and other similar events were typical during the new period of revolutionary upsurge not only for the Cadets in the Siberia, but in many respects for all Cadet "periphery."