{"title":"剑道反攻中从手节位置看地面反作用力与攻击时间的关系","authors":"Seung-Hyun Hyun, H. Jin, Che-Cheong Ryew","doi":"10.5103/KJSB.2017.27.1.1","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"The variability of sports performance is important not only in team matches (Gregson, Drust, Atkinson, & Salvo, 2010; James, Mellalieu, & Jones, 2005) but also in individual matches (Montelpare, McPherson, & Puumala, 2013; O'Donoghue, 2005). Sports performance factors are not as stable as physical measurements or physical examination results (Ogle & O'Donoghue, 2015). Although diverse factors can affect the variability, the biggest factor is the outstanding opponent (McGarry & Franks, 1994). Several sports such as Taekwondo, Judo, Hapkido, and Wushu require stable defenses and swift attacks under different conditions set by the opponent. Among these sports, it is difficult to predict the outcomes of a Kendo match because the outcomes are instantly decided by a valid hit with bamboo swords. Kendo literally means \"the way of the sword\" (Ogle & O'Donoghue, 2015). Kendo requires the alignment of the synchronization of the spirit, sword, and body. In a Kendo match, the fighter scores by striking or thrusting first (Min, Bae, & Lee, 2001). To win, the fighter needs to use diverse attack techniques and high precision (Min et al., 2001). Broadly, two types of attacks, namely attacking movements and counter-attacks, lead to scoring. Standard attacks refer to simultaneous charging towards the opponent and striking with the sword. The technical characteristics have been defined by Park (2005), who stated that the angle of the left elbow is maintained during the backswing motion in a head attack. Furthermore, the balance between the pushing strength of the right arm and the pulling strength of the left arm leads to a successful strike. Lim (2000) stated that the optimal distance between the striker and the opponent for men and kote attacks were 247 cm and 193 cm, respectively, while the strike times were 1.10 sec and 0.64 sec, respectively. To attack effectively, the tip of the sword should not waver and not deviate from the midline of the opponent's body (Min et al., 2001). During the attack motion, the strength is considered to originate from the left leg, although the right leg moves forward towards the opponent (Broderick, Chart, & Ko, 2004). The stride length of the attacker, distance between the attacker and the opponent, and attack time are known to be important factors that determine the results of the attack (Min et al., 2001). Another method of scoring, counter-attack, takes advantage of the instance when the opponent attacks to land a hit (Ogle & O'Donoghue, Korean Journal of Sport Biomechanics 2017; 27(1): 1-7 http://dx.doi.org/10.5103/KJSB.2017.27.1.1 http://e-kjsb.org eISSN 2093-9752 ORIGINAL","PeriodicalId":306685,"journal":{"name":"Korean Journal of Sport Biomechanics","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2017-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Relationship between Ground Reaction Force and Attack Time According to the Position of Hand Segments during Counter Attack in Kendo\",\"authors\":\"Seung-Hyun Hyun, H. 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Kendo requires the alignment of the synchronization of the spirit, sword, and body. In a Kendo match, the fighter scores by striking or thrusting first (Min, Bae, & Lee, 2001). To win, the fighter needs to use diverse attack techniques and high precision (Min et al., 2001). Broadly, two types of attacks, namely attacking movements and counter-attacks, lead to scoring. Standard attacks refer to simultaneous charging towards the opponent and striking with the sword. The technical characteristics have been defined by Park (2005), who stated that the angle of the left elbow is maintained during the backswing motion in a head attack. Furthermore, the balance between the pushing strength of the right arm and the pulling strength of the left arm leads to a successful strike. Lim (2000) stated that the optimal distance between the striker and the opponent for men and kote attacks were 247 cm and 193 cm, respectively, while the strike times were 1.10 sec and 0.64 sec, respectively. To attack effectively, the tip of the sword should not waver and not deviate from the midline of the opponent's body (Min et al., 2001). During the attack motion, the strength is considered to originate from the left leg, although the right leg moves forward towards the opponent (Broderick, Chart, & Ko, 2004). The stride length of the attacker, distance between the attacker and the opponent, and attack time are known to be important factors that determine the results of the attack (Min et al., 2001). 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引用次数: 0
摘要
运动表现的可变性不仅在团队比赛中很重要(Gregson, trust, Atkinson, & Salvo, 2010;James, Mellalieu, & Jones, 2005),也在个人比赛中(Montelpare, McPherson, & Puumala, 2013;唐格,2005)。运动表现因素并不像身体测量或体检结果那样稳定(Ogle & O'Donoghue, 2015)。虽然影响可变性的因素多种多样,但最大的因素是优秀的对手(McGarry & Franks, 1994)。跆拳道、柔道、合气道和武术等运动需要在对手设定的不同条件下进行稳定的防御和快速的进攻。在这些运动中,很难预测剑道比赛的结果,因为结果是由竹剑的有效打击立即决定的。剑道的字面意思是“剑的方式”(Ogle & O’donoghue, 2015)。剑道需要精神、剑和身体的同步。在剑道比赛中,选手通过先打或先刺得分(Min, Bae, & Lee, 2001)。为了获胜,战斗机需要使用多种攻击技术和高精度(Min et al., 2001)。一般来说,有两种类型的进攻,即进攻移动和反击,导致得分。标准攻击指的是同时冲向对手并用剑攻击。Park(2005)定义了技术特征,他指出在头部攻击中,左肘的角度在后摆运动中保持不变。此外,右臂的推力和左臂的拉力之间的平衡导致了成功的打击。Lim(2000)指出,男子和女子进攻的最佳距离分别为247厘米和193厘米,击球时间分别为1.10秒和0.64秒。为了有效地攻击,剑的尖端不应该动摇,也不应该偏离对手的身体中线(Min et al., 2001)。在攻击动作中,虽然右腿向对手移动,但力量被认为来自左腿(Broderick, Chart, & Ko, 2004)。攻击者的步幅、攻击者与对手之间的距离、攻击时间是决定攻击结果的重要因素(Min et al., 2001)。另一种得分方法是反击,它利用对手进攻的机会来进行打击(Ogle & O'Donoghue, Korean Journal of Sport Biomechanics 2017;[27] (1): 1-7 http://dx.doi.org/10.5103/KJSB.2017.27.1.1 http://e-kjsb.org eISSN 2093-9752。
Relationship between Ground Reaction Force and Attack Time According to the Position of Hand Segments during Counter Attack in Kendo
The variability of sports performance is important not only in team matches (Gregson, Drust, Atkinson, & Salvo, 2010; James, Mellalieu, & Jones, 2005) but also in individual matches (Montelpare, McPherson, & Puumala, 2013; O'Donoghue, 2005). Sports performance factors are not as stable as physical measurements or physical examination results (Ogle & O'Donoghue, 2015). Although diverse factors can affect the variability, the biggest factor is the outstanding opponent (McGarry & Franks, 1994). Several sports such as Taekwondo, Judo, Hapkido, and Wushu require stable defenses and swift attacks under different conditions set by the opponent. Among these sports, it is difficult to predict the outcomes of a Kendo match because the outcomes are instantly decided by a valid hit with bamboo swords. Kendo literally means "the way of the sword" (Ogle & O'Donoghue, 2015). Kendo requires the alignment of the synchronization of the spirit, sword, and body. In a Kendo match, the fighter scores by striking or thrusting first (Min, Bae, & Lee, 2001). To win, the fighter needs to use diverse attack techniques and high precision (Min et al., 2001). Broadly, two types of attacks, namely attacking movements and counter-attacks, lead to scoring. Standard attacks refer to simultaneous charging towards the opponent and striking with the sword. The technical characteristics have been defined by Park (2005), who stated that the angle of the left elbow is maintained during the backswing motion in a head attack. Furthermore, the balance between the pushing strength of the right arm and the pulling strength of the left arm leads to a successful strike. Lim (2000) stated that the optimal distance between the striker and the opponent for men and kote attacks were 247 cm and 193 cm, respectively, while the strike times were 1.10 sec and 0.64 sec, respectively. To attack effectively, the tip of the sword should not waver and not deviate from the midline of the opponent's body (Min et al., 2001). During the attack motion, the strength is considered to originate from the left leg, although the right leg moves forward towards the opponent (Broderick, Chart, & Ko, 2004). The stride length of the attacker, distance between the attacker and the opponent, and attack time are known to be important factors that determine the results of the attack (Min et al., 2001). Another method of scoring, counter-attack, takes advantage of the instance when the opponent attacks to land a hit (Ogle & O'Donoghue, Korean Journal of Sport Biomechanics 2017; 27(1): 1-7 http://dx.doi.org/10.5103/KJSB.2017.27.1.1 http://e-kjsb.org eISSN 2093-9752 ORIGINAL