王晓华,王晓华。粮食安全水平的比较分析

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摘要

目标。本文的目的是比较乌克兰和波兰的粮食安全管理水平和机制,找出影响其形成过程的主要因素,确定提高乌克兰粮食安全水平的方向。本研究的科学结果是通过以下方法得出的:理论概括和比较(用于研究«粮食安全»定义的有意义的方面),分析和综合(用于乌克兰和波兰粮食安全水平的比较分析),抽象逻辑方法(用于建立各国经济发展水平与其粮食安全水平之间的联系,并确定提高乌克兰粮食安全水平的方向)。结果。在对乌克兰和波兰粮食安全水平进行比较分析的基础上,发现乌克兰在提供粮食安全方面存在重大差距。因此,在粮农组织确定的所有粮食安全组成部分中,除了“使用”卫生和安全饮用水之外,波兰远远领先于乌克兰。研究发现,在2012-2018年期间,由于粮食的可负担性和可获得性水平下降,乌克兰的全球粮食安全指数下降了2.1,而波兰方面由于该国粮食的可负担性和可获得性增加,其在GFSI中的地位提高了2.8。研究发现,欧盟共同农业政策(CAP)、波兰农村发展计划的实施和大量的农业公共支出对波兰的粮食安全水平产生了决定性影响,并在排名中名列前茅。已经确定,提高乌克兰粮食安全水平的主要方向应该是:取消暂停出售农业用地的规定;不仅通过公共支出,而且通过欧盟项目为农业食品部门提供资金;制定和实施国家农村发展方案;全面无条件地实施政府的欧盟一体化计划;适应欧盟共同农业政策标准。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Cherneha O. B., Chepurnova A. V. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF UKRAINE AND POLAND FOOD SECURITY LEVELS
Objective. The purpose of the article is to compare the levels and mechanisms of food security management in Ukraine and Poland, to identify the main factors influencing the processes of its formation and to determine the directions of increasing the level of Ukraine food security. Methods. The scientific results of the study were obtained using the following methods: theoretical generalization and comparison (for the study of meaningful aspects of the definition of «food security»), analysis and synthesis (for comparative analysis of Ukraine and Poland food security levels), abstract-logical method (for establishing the links between the level of economic development of countries and the levels of their food security and determining the directions of increasing the Ukraine level of food security). Results. On the basis of a comparative analysis of Ukraine and Poland food security levels, a significant gap in Ukraine’s provision of food security has been identified. Thus, with respect to all food security components identified by FAO, except for the «use» of sanitary and safe drinking water, Poland has reached far ahead of Ukraine. It has been found that for the period 2012–2018, the value of the Global Food Security Index for Ukraine decreased by 2.1 due to a decrease in the level of affordability and availability of food, while the Polish side increased its position on GFSI by 2.8 due to the increase in affordability and availability of food in the country. It has been found that the decisive influence on the level of food security in Poland, as well as high ranking in the ranking is carried out by the EU Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), the implementation of the Polish Rural Development Program and significant public spending on agriculture. It has been determined that the main directions for improving the level of food security of Ukraine should be: lifting the moratorium on the sale of agricultural land; financing the agri-food sector not only through public spending but also through EU programs; creation and implementation of the National Rural Development Program; full and unconditional implementation of Government programs on EU integration; adaptation to the EU Common Agricultural Policy standards.
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