埃塞俄比亚和厄立特里亚历史著作的制作。关于1991- 1997年最近出版物状况的一些说明

B. Tafla
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引用次数: 0

摘要

如上述说明中的随机样本所示,在本世纪的几十年里,特别是在本世纪,埃塞俄比亚和厄立特里亚以阿姆哈拉语、英语、gn - al - ǝz和Tǝgrǝnna出版了各种各样和质量的出版物(尽管存在明显的财政、政治和技术困难)。在这篇文章所关注的历史领域,由于历史意识的增强,在过去的6年左右的时间里似乎取得了显著的进展,这部分是通过教育,部分是通过当前的政治环境来促进的,这种政治环境唤醒了许多人,至少在埃塞俄比亚的情况下,意识到地平线上若隐若现的不确定性。就厄立特里亚而言,其主要动力似乎是在获得主权之后寻求认同和自我主张。另一个因素是,在过去半个世纪的教育努力和伴随正规学校教育而来的普遍扫盲运动的推动下,两国出现了相对庞大而贪婪的读者群。此外,印刷设施、书店和图书馆以及一些具有开创意义的出版社也有明显的扩大,所有这些都可能以它们自己的方式提供了推动力。一些批评当代政府的作品也可能反映了审查制度相对放松的存在,至少在这十年的最初几年,这种独特的情况在君主制和马克思主义政权下是不可想象的。埃塞俄比亚和厄立特里亚最近历史著作的两个重要方面是质量的显著提高以及主题多样性的增加。章节式、时代式、传记式和自传式的研究正在取代从亚当和夏娃开始历史的传统倾向。同样,历史的叙事和/或集体方法正逐渐让位于解释性方法,但这并不是以寻找、收集和出版的原始材料为代价的。大多数作品都有一点独创性,因为它们有意或无意地结合了来自口头传统和作者个人观察的材料。因此,是时候让这些国家以外的学者、评论家、书目编纂者和图书馆员认真考虑这些作品了。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Production of Historical Works in Ethiopia and Eritrea. Some Notes on the State of Recent Publications 1991-97
As the random samples in the preceding notes show, publications of various kinds and qualities have been continuously produced (albeit obvious financial, political and technical difficulties) in Ethiopia and Eritrea in Amharic, English, Gǝʿǝz, and Tǝgrǝnna throughout the decades of this century, and particularly in the present one. In the field of history, which has been taken as a point of focus in this article, conspicuous progress seems to have been made in the last half a dozen or so years as a result of the enhancement of historical consciousness promoted partly through education and partly through the prevailing political circumstances which awakened many, at least in the case of Ethiopia, to the uncertainties that have been looming up on the horizon. In the case of Eritrea, the primary drive seems to have been the search for identity and self-assertion following the attainment of sovereignty. Another factor is the rise of a relatively vast and rapacious readership in both countries evolving from the educational efforts of the last half of a century and the general literacy cam­paign which accompanied formal schooling. Furthermore, there has been a marked ex­pan­sion of printing facilities, bookshops and libraries, as well as some pioneering publishing houses – all of which might have provided an impetus in their own way. The production of some works critical of the contemporary government may also reflect the existence of a relative relaxation in censorship, at least in the early years of the decade, a unique situation which was unthinkable under the monarchy and the Marxist regime. Two significant aspects of the recent production of historical works in Ethiopia and Eritrea have been the marked improvement in quality as well as the increase in thematic variety. Episodic, epochal, biographical and autobiographical studies are prevailing over the traditional tendency of commencing history with Adam and Eve. Likewise, the narrative and/or collective method of history is gradually giving way to the interpretive, but not at the expense of source materials which are also being sought, collected and published. Most of the works have a touch of originality, as they incorporate, consciously or otherwise, materials derived from oral traditions and personal observations of the authors. It is, therefore, time for scholars, reviewers, bibliographers and librarians outside those countries to take these works seriously into account.
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