不确定性和义务

Ishtiyaque Haji
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摘要

本章介绍了义务困境的不确定性角,其主要组成部分是运气异议。这种反对意见认为,不确定导致的行为太受运气影响而不能成为义务。本文讨论了这一反对意见的两个版本。在无解释版本中,如果一个行为人不确定地决定做一件事而不是另一件事,那么就没有关于她的决定的详细因果解释。由于自由控制的决策要求是因果关系,她所做的决定就不是自由的。在纯运气版本中,如果一个行为人在另一个拥有相同过去和法则的可能世界中做了一件她不愿做的事,而她的力量,能力,精神状态,道德品质等都无法解释这种跨世界差异,那么这种差异就只是破坏自由的运气。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Indeterminism and Obligation
The obligation dilemma’s indeterministic horn, whose primary constituent is the luck objection, is introduced in this chapter. This is the objection that indeterministically caused actions are too luck-infected to be obligations. Two versions of this objection are discussed. On the No Explanation Version, if an agent indeterministically decides to do one thing rather than another, then there is no detailed causal account of her decision. Since the control free decision requires is causal, her deciding to do what she does is not free. On the Pure Luck Version, if an agent does something, which she refrains from doing in another possible world with the same past and laws, and there is nothing about her powers, capacities, states of mind, moral character, and the like that explains this cross-world difference, then this difference is just a matter of freedom-undermining luck.
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