非负分布和测量的量子力学

A. V. Zorin, N. Tretyakov
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引用次数: 0

摘要

测量装置与微系统之间的相互作用问题尚未完全解决。此外,如果在量子力学的初期,人们关注的是设备对系统状态的影响,那么后来(D.V. Blokhintsev)对反问题(本质上更传统)的兴趣——对微观物体对宏观系统状态的影响的兴趣增加了。测量仪器由许多相互连接的环节组成。量子测量理论断言,第一个级联可以是量子级联,但最后一个级联应该是经典级联(在当前的术语中-一个分析器和一个检测器)。本文讨论了这种测量方法在量子力学形式体系中的集成。测试(辅助)函数在量子力学中具有非负分布函数(量子力学Kuryshkin-Wodkevich - QDF),实际上可以而且应该与测量过程和测量仪器相关联。我们的论点是,这些功能应该与所使用的测量仪器有关,并描述其与系统的相互作用。事实证明,正是QDF中哈密顿量的非厄米特征表达了这种联系。因此,长期以来被定位为另类和奇异量子理论的QDF,越来越多地成为测量的量子理论。就在不久以前,在我们的著作中,我们阐明了作为量子测量理论的这种形式主义的意义。在本文中提到的D. Blokhintsev测量仪器的例子中,QDF理论中的辅助函数与波函数的类比是有前途的研究领域,在量子纠缠研究的框架下,可以对量子密码学的发展产生重大的推动作用。从这个意义上说,这项工作应该成为QDF向新应用逆转的转折点。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Quantum mechanics with non-negative distribution and measurements
The issues of interaction between the measuring device and the micro system have not yet been completely resolved. Moreover, if at the dawn of quantum mechanics attention was paid to the influence of the device on the state of the system, then later (D.V. Blokhintsev) interest in the inverse problem (and, in essence, more traditional) - on the influence of the micro-object on the state of the macro-system increased. Measuring instruments consist of a number of interconnected links. The quantum theory of measurements asserts that the first cascades can be quantum, but the last should be classical (in the current terminology - an analyzer and a detector). This paper discusses the integration of such an approach to measuring instruments in the formalism of quantum mechanics. Test (auxiliary) functions in quantum mechanics with nonnegative distribution functions (quantum mechanics Kuryshkin-Wodkevich - QDF), in fact, can and should be associated with the measurement process and measuring instruments. Our thesis is that these functions should be related to the measuring instrument used and describe its interaction with the system. It turns out that exactly the non-Hermitian character of the Hamiltonians in QDF expresses this connection. Thus, the QDF, which has long been positioned as an alternative and exotic quantum theory, is increasingly taking shape as a quantum theory of measurements. Only a short time ago, in our works the meaning of this formalism as the theory of quantum measurements was clarified. The analogies of auxiliary functions in the QDF theory with wave functions in the examples of D. Blokhintsev measuring instruments mentioned in this paper, are promising areas of research which, in the framework of the study of quantum entanglement, can give a significant impetus to the development of quantum cryptography. This work, in this sense, should become a turning point in this reversal of the QDF to new applications.
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