Neurosyphilis Presenting as Failure to Thrive

Neurosyphilis occurs when the nervous system is affected by the Treponema Pallidum bacterial species. Medical literature describes two clinical stages: early and late. Early can be asymptomatic or show signs of meningitis and meningoencephalitis. Conversely, late presents as parenchymal, vascular abnormalities, tabes dorsalis or syphilitic gumma. Although neurosyphilis is now uncommon, knowledge of key physical exam findings is crucial to its consideration and subsequent diagnosis and management.