Philadelphia chromosome positive de novo AML or blast phase CML?

The BCR::ABL1 translocation and the accompanying Philadelphia chromosome represents the first mutation which defined a disease, chronic myeloid leukemia. It also represents the first druggable target for which a specific compound was developed and accepted in current clinic practice, imatinib. Despite these, there are still areas in which the diagnosis and the best treatment sequence still needs investigation. One such context is the diagnosis and management of BCR::ABL1 positive myeloid neoplasms with ≥20% blasts, more specifically the differentiation between myeloid blast phase chronic myeloid leukemia and BCR::ABL1 positive acute myeloid leukemia. In this paper we present our recent experience with a BCR::ABL1 positive myeloid neoplasms with ≥20% blasts.